Sodium perchlorate
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Sodium perchlorate | |
|---|---|
| Image:Sodium perchlorate.gif | |
| General | |
| Other names | Sodium Chlorate(VII), Sodium Hyperchlorate, Perchloric Acid Sodium Salt |
| Molecular formula | NaClO4 |
| Molar mass | 122.44 g/mol |
| Appearance | White Crystalline Solid |
| CAS number | [7601-89-0] |
| Properties | |
| Specific Gravity | 2.02 |
| Solubility in water | Soluble, Hygroscopic in Air |
| Melting point | 400 °C |
| Hazards | |
| General | Explosive in contact with concentrated sulfuric acid |
| Related Compounds | |
| Other anions | Sodium chloride Sodium chlorite Sodium chlorate Sodium hypochlorite |
| Other cations | Lithium perchlorate Calcium perchlorate |
| Related Compounds | Perchlorous acid |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
|
Sodium perchlorate is a perchlorate of sodium and has the formula NaClO4. Sodium perchlorate melts with decomposition at 480 °C (Lange's). Its heat of formation is -382.75 kJ mol-1. (NIST WebBook) It is a white crystalline solid. It is hygroscopic. It is soluble in water and in alcohol. It usually comes as a monohydrate, which has a rhombic crystal structure.
Contents |
[edit] Uses
The present major use of perchlorate salts is as oxidizers in solid propellants. The potassium salt was first used and quickly followed by now most important salt - ammonium perchlorate. Lithium perchlorate, which has the highest weight percent oxygen, has been tested as an oxidizer in solid propellants, but has not found favor with propellant manufacturers. Perchlorates are also used in match heads.
Sodium perchlorate itself finds only minimal use in pyrotechnics because it is hygroscopic; ammonium and potassium perchlorates are typically used instead. They are made by double decomposition from sodium chlorate and potassium or ammonium chloride.
Due to its ability to produce oxygen, sodium perchlorate is also an ingredient of some bleach powders used in paper and pulp processing and calico printing.
[edit] Synthesis
Sodium perchlorate is manufactured by anodic oxidation of sodium chloride at high current density, with platinum (or in some cases, lead dioxide, manganese dioxide, and possibly magnetite and cobalt oxide) anodes and graphite, steel, nickel, or titanium cathodes. [1]
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
 |
This inorganic compound-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
