Synthetic fiber
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Synthetic fibers are the result of extensive research by scientists to increase and improve upon the supply of naturally occurring animal and plant fibers that have been used in making cloth and rope.
In general, synthetic fibers, or man-made fibers, are created by forcing, usually through extrusion, fiber forming materials through holes (called spinnerets) into the air, forming a thread.
Common synthetic fibers include:
- Rayon (1910) (an artificial fiber, but not truly synthetic)
- Acetate (1924)
- Nylon (1939)
- Modacrylic (1949)
- Olefin (1949)
- Acrylic (1950)
- Polyester (1953)
- PLA (2002)
Specialty synthetic fibers include:
- Vinyon (1939)
- Saran (1941)
- Spandex (1959)
- Vinalon (1939)
- Aramids (1961) - known as Nomex, Kevlar and Twaron
- Modal (1960's)
- PBI (Polybenzimidazole fiber) (1983)
- Sulfar (1983)
- Lyocell (1992)
- Dyneema/Spectra (1979)
- M-5 (PIPD fibre)
- Orlon
- Zylon (PBO fibre)
- Vectran (TLCP fibre) made from Vectra LCP polymer
Other synthetic materials used in fibers include:
- Acrylonitrile rubber (1930)
Modern fibers that are made from older artificial materials include:
- Glass Fiber is used for:
- industrial, automotive, and home insulation (Fiberglass)
- reinforcement of composite and plastics
- specialty papers in battery separators and filtration
- Metallic fiber (1946) is used for:
- adding metallic properties to clothing for the purpose of fashion (usually made with composite plastic and metal foils)
- elimination and prevention of static charge build-up
- conducting electricity to transmit information
- conduction of heat
[edit] References
- The original source of this article and much of the synthetic fiber articles (copied with permission) is Whole Earth magazine, No. 90, Summer 1997. www.wholeearth.com
