Telethon
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A telethon is a fundraising event broadcast on television that lasts many hours or even days, the purpose of which is to raise money for a charitable, political, or other allegedly worthy cause. Correspondingly, the term is a portmanteau of "television" and "marathon."
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[edit] Format
The format of a telethon usually consists of performances by singers, musicians, comedians, or other entertainers interspersed with pitches for donations. Typically the program is staged on a set containing volunteer telephone operators, a stage, a tote board that displays the amount of money raised, a band, and a studio audience.
[edit] Examples
[edit] United States
In the United States, telethons are held for various charities; best known among them is the Jerry Lewis MDA Telethon, staged each Labor Day to benefit Muscular Dystrophy Associations. In the past, other charities such as the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and the Children's Miracle Network produced telethons on a nationwide or regional basis.
Public radio and television stations, such as those affiliated with National Public Radio and the Public Broadcasting Service, as well as unaffiliated non-commercial radio stations such as WFMU, produce annual pledge drives which are similar in format to telethons, but instead use brief breaks between regular programs to appeal for funds.
Trinity Broadcasting Network, a religious television network, hosts non-stop, week-long, semi-annual telethons called "Praise-a-Thons". The Christian Broadcasting Network/The 700 Club stages a modified form of a telethon twice a year, which runs for approximately one week but is shown for only an hour or so each day. (In its early days, CBN's telethons were of the more traditional round-the-clock form. this format ended when the ministry sold its ABC Family Channel, which no longer gave it access to a round-the-clock outlet for such telethons.)
In 1972, the Democratic Party even held a one-time telethon to help it erase a multi-million dollar debt (This may have provided the inspiration for the 1979 film comedy Americathon, where a telethon is held to prevent national bankruptcy). The telethon idea was created and promoted by John Y. Brown, Jr., the businessman who built Kentucky Fried Chicken into a worldwide chain and later became governor of Kentucky.
Local telethons, once a common fixture in nearly every major city in the United States, are now rare but still found in a handful of cities.
[edit] Canada
In Saskatchewan, the Kinsmen Foundation puts on a 20 hour telethon, known as Telemiracle. Since it's inception in 1977, Telemiracle has raised over $73 Million, including $5.6 Million in the 2007 edition, held in Saskatoon.
[edit] Europe
In the United Kingdom, regular telethons are held for charitable groups such as Comic Relief's Red Nose Day and Sport Relief, and the BBC's Children in Need. These are highlights every year, with millions of pounds sterling raised to support various charities. They usually include music artists, sketches, and other various sections, usually with quite a few videos in between each section or song to promote the charity that money is being raised for - usually children in either Africa or the United Kingdom.
In France, since 1987, an annual telethon is held by France 2 (previously Antenne 2), with the support of the other public television networks (France 3 and France 5) and the public radio networks (France Inter, France Info, France Bleu), on the first or second fridays and Saturdays of December. Many thousand of events are organized, involving several millions people all around France. Donations are made by telephone (36 37), Minitel or on the internet and around one hundred million Euro is collected each year. It is organized to raise funds to support the Association Française contre les myopathies' research programs and services for people with neuromuscular diseases and to inform the general public about rare genetic disorders.
In Italy, Telethon is also held in December, and in 2006 was on the 15/16/17. By the 18/12/06, donors had raised €30,740,000 for research into cures for genetic diseases. See article here See official campaign site here
In Israel, for many years an annual telethon is held for those serving in the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF). A telethon is called teletrom in Hebrew (Hebrew טלתרום), "trom" meaning donate. Telethons have also been held for endangered children on Israeli channel 2, the broadcast is called "Yom Tov" (Hebrew "יום טוב"), meaning "Good Day" in English. Telethons in Israel usually earn high ratings but have come under criticism for over commercialism.
In Televisió de Catalunya, public television on Catalonia, every year emits a telethon for several diseases. At 2004 TV3 obtained 8.712.000 euros for research to cancer.
[edit] Chile
In December of most years since 1978, the major Chilean television networks hold a 27-hour telethon (known locally as "La Teletón") to raise funds to help children with developmental disabilities (most commonly cerebral palsy) in Instituto de Rehabilitación Infantil ("Infant Rehabilitation Institute") centers. Since the telethon started, more than $260 million (U.S.) has been raised (including a record of more than $22 million in the 2006 event on December 1-2, 2006) and nine rehabilitation centers have been constructed. During the annual event, local and worldwide stars participate in live events around the country. The Chilean telethon host has always been Mario Kreutzberger, also known as Don Francisco, who is the symbol of "La Teletón" in Chile. In Chile, the telethon is an event of national unity and is proportionally, the most widely watched telethon in the world.'
There is also a local telethon running, the Days for the Disabled Magellanic Children (Jornadas por el Niño Impedido Magallánico), to raise funds to help disabled children of the Magallanes and Última Esperanza provinces, in an effort led by the local Lions Club. The 2006 Days raised US$ 515.000.[1][2]
[edit] Honduras
In December of every year since 1987 all television networks hold a 27-hour telethon to raise funds to help children with disabilities in the called "Fundación Teleton" (Telethon Foundation) under the leadership of Mr. Rafael Ferrari (a successful businessman and sportsman). Many international artists, TV Presenters and Journalists are invited. Grupo Taca provides free transportation for these international invitees. Local banks provide free-service 24-hour open office during the Telethon. Most of the important business corporations, many government institutions and people donate money. Some institutions provide donations of their employees through payroll deductions. Thanks to these yearly telethons, many special care centers have been built in different locations of Honduras.
[edit] Asia
In Japan, Nippon Television hosts its annual telethon titled 24 Hour Television, Love Saves the Earth (24時間テレビ 愛は地球を救う, Niju-yojikan Terebi Ai wa Chikyuu wo Sukuu) in August. Started in 1979, its objective is to raise funds for various charities that aid the sick, the handicapped, victims of war and natural disasters around the world and environmental programmes. Every year, during the live broadcast, a popular television personality attempts to run a 100 km marathon for this worthy cause. Despite its title, the telethon runs for approximately 27 hours.
[edit] Australia
The Good Friday Appeal telethon is run for the Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne on Good Friday every year. It is the largest telethon in Australia and airs across Victoria all day on HSV-7 and Prime Television. It also has a print and radio component via Melbourne's Herald Sun newspaper as well as radio station Mix 101.1 (formally 3DB and TTFM). In 2007 the radio partner was Southern Cross Broadcasting. The event has become apart of Melbourne culture every year, and continues to bring in record fund raising efforts across the entire state.
An annual telethon is run by Channel Seven Perth in Western Australia which raises money for the Princess Margaret Children's Hospital, Perth. The event is regarded as the most successful fundraising event per capita, in the world. [3]
The event is a 25 hour live broadcast aired across Western Australia on Channel Seven Perth and GWN.
[edit] New Zealand
Telethon was run in New Zealand during the 1970's and 1980's up to 1990 by TVNZ. The fundraiser would take place in regions around New Zealand with coverage being shown on TV1, viewers would be shown coverage of the Telethon nearest their location, however smaller regions would typically see coverage of the Telethon in one of the main centers (Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch or Dunedin). Since Telethon ceased on New Zealand Television some regional stations have operated their own local Telethon.
[edit] Worldwide
For 9 years, Armenia Fund held an annual international Telethon that was broadcast to all major U.S. cities and across the globe. The 12 hour live program is able to raise millions for humanitarian and infrastructure development programs in Armenia and Karabakh. The annual telethon is held on Thanksgiving every year.
The 2004 Asian tsunami also led to telethons being held in countries such as Canada (CTV and OmniTV), United States (NBC) and Australia (a joint telecast between the Seven Network, Nine Network and Network Ten).
[edit] Other types
Similar to telethons, but considerably shorter, are nationally televised benefit concerts following major disasters such as the 9/11 attacks, the Indian Ocean tsunami, and Hurricane Katrina. These are generally one-time broadcasts meant to spur immediate humanitarian contributions, not part of the annual donation drives of the charities involved. Typically a phone number or website will appear on screen during the entire concert for donors to make pledges, but there may not necessarily be a live host announcing from a TV studio.
[edit] History
[edit] United States
The oldest continuing annual telethon in the United States on the same channel is Green Bay, Wisconsin WBAY-TV's local Cerebral Palsy telethon that began broadcasting 22 hours on the first weekend of March 1954. As of 2006, they have celebrated their 52nd year of presenting the telethon, which helps provide financial support for equipment for Cerebral Palsy, Inc.
Close behind the Green Bay telethon in longevity is the WHAS Crusade for Children in Louisville, Kentucky, which broadcast its first telethon in October 1954 on WHAS-TV and WHAS Radio, six months after the first WBAY telethon. While the Crusade for Children is still broadcast on those same stations, it has expanded to radio and television stations in other parts of Kentucky and Indiana, as well as streaming video on the Internet. The Crusade is famous for the legions of firefighters who collect money at road blocks at intersections throughout the area each May and June. The Crusade annually collects more than $5 million in donations for a variety of child-related charities and causes, and remains the most successful local telethon in the United States.
