Thunder Bay, Ontario

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Thunder Bay, Ontario
Downtown Port Arthur in Thunder Bay
Flag Logo
Nickname: "Lakehead; The Lakehead"
Motto: Superior by nature
Location of Thunder Bay, Ontario
Coordinates: 48°23′N 89°15′W
Country	Canada
Province	Ontario
Region	Northwestern Ontario
District	Thunder Bay District
CMA	Thunder Bay
Established	1970 (amalgamation between Fort William and Port Arthur)
Incorporated as Towns	Port Arthur in 1884, Fort William in 1892
Incorporated as Cities	Both Port Arthur and Fort William in 1907
Government
- Mayor	Lynn Peterson
- Governing Body	Thunder Bay City Council
- MPs	Ken Boshcoff, Joe Comuzzi
- MPPs	Michael Gravelle, Bill Mauro
Area
- City	328.48 km²  (126.83 sq mi)
- Urban	179.71 km² (69.39 sq mi)
- Metro	2,550.40 km² (984.72 sq mi)
Elevation	199 m (653 ft)
Population (2006)
- City	109,140
- Density	332.26/km² (860.52/sq mi)
- Urban	103,247
- Urban Density	574.52/km² (1,487.92/sq mi)
- Metro	122,907
- Metro Density	48.19/km² (124.81/sq mi)
Time zone	EST (UTC-5)
- Summer (DST)	EDT (UTC-4)
Postal code span	P7(A-G, J, K)
Area code(s)	807
Website: City of Thunder Bay

Thunder Bay, formerly the twin cities of Fort William and Port Arthur (48°23′N 89°15′W, time zone EST) is a city in and the seat of Thunder Bay District, Ontario, Canada. It is the second largest city in Northern Ontario (2006 population 109,140^[1]; CMA 122,907^[2]), and the largest in the Northwestern Ontario region. The city takes its name from the immense bay at the head of Lake Superior, known on 18th century French maps as "Baie du Tonnerre". The city was formed in 1970 by the merger of the cities of Fort William, Port Arthur and the townships of Neebing and McIntyre. Its port forms an important link in the shipping of grain and other products from western Canada through the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence Seaway to the east coast. The city is often referred to as the Lakehead or Canadian Lakehead because of its location at the end of Great Lakes navigation.

Contents 1 History 1.1 References 2 Population and demographics 3 Government and politics 3.1 Thunder Bay's name 3.2 City symbols 3.3 Sister cities 4 Geography and climate 5 Economy and workforce 6 Transportation and harbour 7 Education 7.1 School Boards 7.2 List of Schools 7.3 Post-Secondary Institutions 7.4 Other Educational Institutions 8 Culture 9 Sports and Recreation 9.1 Sporting Facilities in Thunder Bay 9.2 Sports teams in Thunder Bay 10 Media 10.1 Newspapers 10.2 Radio stations 10.3 Television stations 10.4 Online media 11 Visitor attractions 12 Notables 13 Surrounding Municipalities 14 External links

[edit] History

European settlement on Thunder Bay began with two French fur trading posts (1679, 1717) which were subsequently abandoned (see Fort William, Ontario). Permanent settlement began in 1803 with the establishment of Fort William (See Fort William Historical Park) by the Montreal-based North West Company as its mid-continent entrepôt. The fort thrived until 1821 when the North West Company merged with the Hudson's Bay Company and Fort William lost its raison d'être. By the 1850's the Province of Canada began to take an interest in its western extremity, largely because of a demand for mining locations on the Canadian shores of Lake Superior following the discovery of copper in the Keweenaw Peninsula of Michigan. In 1849 French-speaking Jesuits established the Mission de l'Immaculée-Conception (Mission of the Immaculate Conception) on the Kaministiquia to evangelize the Ojibwe. The Province of Canada negotiated a treaty with the Ojibwe of Lake Superior known as the Robinson Treaty in 1850. As a result, an Indian reservation was set aside south of the Kaministiquia River. And in 1859-60 the Department of Crown Lands surveyed two townships (Neebing and Paipoonge) and the Town Plot of Fort William.

Another settlement developed a few miles to the north of Fort William with the construction by the federal Department of Public Works of a road connecting Lake Superior with the Red River Colony under the direction of Simon James Dawson. This public works depot or construction headquarters acquired its first name in May 1870 when Colonel Garnet Wolsley named it Prince Arthur's Landing. It was renamed Port Arthur by the CPR in May 1883 (see Port Arthur, Ontario).

The arrival of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1875 sparked a long battle for supremacy which did not end until the amalgamation of 1970. Until the 1880s, Port Arthur was a much larger and dynamic community, but the CPR in collaboration with the Hudson's Bay Company preferred east Fort William (the lower Kaministiquia river where the fur trade posts were). Further provoked by a prolonged tax dispute with Port Arthur and the seizure of a locomotive in 1889, the CPR relocated all its employees and facilities to Fort William. The collapse of silver mining after 1890 further undermined the economy of Port Arthur which entered a period of deep depression while Fort William thrived.

Thunder Bay began a period of extraordinary growth in the era of Sir Wilfrid Laurier as a result of transcontinental railway building and the western wheat boom. The CPR double-tracked its Winnipeg-Thunder Bay line. The Canadian Northern Railway established facilities at Port Arthur. The Grand Trunk Pacific Railway began construction of its facilities at the Fort William Mission in 1905, and the federal government began construction of the National Transcontinental Railway. Grain elevator construction boomed as the volume of grain shipped to Europe increased. Both cities indebted themselves by granting bonuses to manufacturing industries. By 1914 the twin cities had modern infrastructures (sewers, safe water supply, street lighting, electric light, etc.). Both Fort William and Port Arthur were proponents of municipal ownership. As early as 1892 Port Arthur built Canada's first municipally-owned electric street railway, and both cities spurned Bell Telephone Company of Canada to establish their own municipally-owned telephone systems in 1902. The boom came to an end in 1913-14 aggravated by the First World War, but a war time economy emerged with the making of munitions and ship-building. The cities raised men for the 52nd, 94th and 141st Battalions of the Canadian Expeditionary Force. Railway employment was hurt when the federal government took over the National Transcontinental Railway and Lake Superior Division from the Grand Trunk in 1915, and the Canadian Northern Railway in 1918 which were amalgamated with other government-owned railways in 1923 to form the Canadian National Railways. The CNR closed many of the Canadian Northern Railway facilities in Port Arthur and opened the Neebing yards in Neebing Township in 1922. By 1929 the population of the two cities had recovered to pre-war levels.

The forest products industry has always played an important role in the Thunder Bay economy from the 1870s. Logs and lumber were shipped primarily to the United States. In 1917 the first pulp and paper mill was established in Port Arthur. It was followed by a mill at Fort William in 1920. Eventually there were four mills operating.

Manufacturing resumed in 1937 when the Canada Car and Foundry Company plant re-opened to build aircraft for the British. Now run by Bombardier Transportation, the plant has remained a mainstay of the post-war economy producing forestry, then transportation equipment for urban transit systems such as the Toronto Transit Commission and GO Transit.

The expansion of highways beginning with the Trans-Canada Highway culminating with the opening of a highway linking Sault Ste Marie to Thunder Bay has significantly diminished railway and shipping activity. The St Lawrence Seaway has not therefore lived up to expectations. Grain shipping has declined substantially in favor of Pacific Coast ports. As a result many grain elevators have been closed and demolished, and the Kaministiquia River has been abandoned by industry and shipping.

Thunder Bay has become the regional services centre for Northwestern Ontario with most provincial departments represented. Lakehead University, established through the lobbying of local businessmen and professionals, has proved to be a major asset, reinforced by Confederation College. The same businessmen and professionals were the driving force behind the amalgamation of Fort William and Port Arthur in 1970.

[edit] References

• Thunder Bay from rivalry to unity / edited by Thorold J. Tronrud and A. Ernest Epp. Thunder Bay : Thunder Bay Historical Museum Society, 1995.

[edit] Population and demographics

Ethnic origin	Population	Percent
Canadian	30,530	25.36%
English	30,435	25.28%
Scottish	23,120	19.20%
Irish	19,890	16.52%
French	18,465	15.34%
Ukrainian	16,250	13.50%
Italian	14,505	12.78%
Finnish	12,825	10.65%

[3] According to the 2001 census, there were 109,016 people residing in Thunder Bay, of whom 49.0% were male and 51.0% were female. Children under five accounted for approximately 5.2% of the resident population of Thunder Bay. This compares with 5.8% in Ontario as a whole, and almost 5.6% for Canada overall. A further 12,970 live in the city's Census Metropolitan Area, resulting in a total population of 121,986.

In mid-2001, 15.0% of the resident population in Thunder Bay were of retirement age (65 and over for males and females) compared with 13.2% in Canada, therefore, the average age is 39.1 years of age comparing to 37.6 years of age for all of Canada.

In the five years between 1996 and 2001, the population of Thunder Bay declined by 3.7% compared with an increase of 6.1% for Ontario province as a whole. Population density of Thunder Bay averaged 47.9 people per square kilometre, compared with an average of 12.6 for Ontario altogether.

Thunder Bay is home to a large Finnish population, with 10.7% of Thunder Bay being of Finnish descent. 1 It is widely but incorrectly believed that Thunder Bay has the largest Finnish population in Canada and outside of the Nordic countries; however, the Toronto metropolitan area has 14,750 persons of Finnish origin, more than Thunder Bay's 12,825. Therefore, it can be said that Thunder Bay houses the highest concentration of Finnish population on a per capita basis.

The 2001 census, states that 82.0 per cent of Thunder Bay residents belong to a Christian (39.8% Roman Catholic, 39.5% Protestant, and 2.6% other Christian, mostly Orthodox) denomination. Those who follow religions like Buddhism, Judaism, Islam, and others make less than 1% of the population combined, while the remaining 17.0% are non-religious.

[edit] Government and politics

The city is governed by a mayor and twelve councillors. The mayor and five of the councillors are elected at large by the whole city. Seven councillors are elected for the seven wards : Current River Ward, McIntyre Ward, McKellar Ward, Neebing Ward, Northwood Ward, Red River Ward, Westfort Ward. List of mayors of Thunder Bay, Ontario

Thunder Bay is represented in the Canadian Parliament by Joe Comuzzi (Independent) and Ken Boshcoff (Liberal), and in the Ontario Legislature by Michael Gravelle (Liberal) and Bill Mauro (Liberal).

[edit] Thunder Bay's name

Thunder Bay's name is the result of a referendum held on June 23rd, 1969 to determine the new name of the amalgamated Fort William and Port Arthur. Officials debated over the names to be put on the ballot, taking suggestions from residents including "Lakehead" and "The Lakehead". Predictably, the vote split between the two, and "Thunder Bay" was the victor. The final tally was "Thunder Bay" with 15,870, "Lakehead" with 15,302, and "The Lakehead" with 8,377. [4]

[edit] City symbols

The Sleeping Giant, a large formation of mesas on Sibley Peninsula in Lake Superior, which resembles a reclining giant, has become a symbol of the city. Sibley peninsula partially encloses the waters of Thunder Bay, and dominates the view of the lake from the northern section of the city (formerly Port Arthur, Ontario). The Sleeping Giant also figures on the city's coat of arms and the city flag (depicted above).

[edit] Sister cities

Thunder Bay has eight sister cities.

Seinäjoki, Finland since 1974 Little Canada, Minnesota since 1977 Duluth, Minnesota since 1980 Bunkpurugu, Ghana since 1987

Keelung, Taiwan since 1988 Siderno, Italy since 1997 Yanaizu, Japan since 1998 Bukit Timah, Singapore since 2000

[edit] Geography and climate

The city has an area of 328.48 square kilometres which includes the former cities of Fort William and Port Arthur as well as the townships of Neebing and McIntyre.

The former Fort William section occupies flat alluvial land along the Kaministiquia River which has a river delta at its mouth of two large islands known as Mission Island and McKellar Island. The former Port Arthur section is more typical of the Canadian Shield with gently sloping hills, and very thin soil lying on top of bedrock with many bare outcrops. Thunder Bay, which gives the city its name, is immense - about 22.5 kilometres (14 miles) from the Port Arthur downtown to Thunder Cape at the tip of the Sleeping Giant.

The city reflects the settlement patterns of the 19th century. It is therefore highly spread out for historical reasons. Anchoring the west end of the city, the Fort William Town Plot surveyed in 1859-60 was named West Fort (Westfort) in 1888 by the CPR. The land adjoining the lower Kaministiquia River became the residential and central business district of the town and city of Fort William. A large uninhabited area adjoining the Neebing and McIntyre rivers which became known as Intercity separated Fort William from the residential and central business district of Port Arthur. At the extreme east of the city, a part of McIntyre Township was annexed to the town of Port Arthur in 1892, forming what later became known as the Current River area.

Since 1970, the central business districts of Fort William and Port Arthur have suffered a serious decline as business and government have relocated to the Intercity area. There has also been substantial residential growth in adjacent areas of the former Neebing and McIntyre townships.

The climate is influenced by Lake Superior, especially noticeable in the city's north end, resulting in cooler summer temperatures and warmer winter temperatures for an area extending inland as far as 16 km. The average daily temperatures range from a high of 17.6 °C in July and a low of -14.8 °C in January; the average daily high in July is 24.2 °C and the average daily high in January is -8.6 °C. The city is quite sunny with an average of 2167.7 hours of bright sunshine each year, ranging from 283.4 hours in July to 88.8 hours in November, sunnier than any city in Canada located to the east of it.

Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Avg high temperature °C (°F)	-8.6 (17)	-5.6 (22)	0.3 (33)	9.0 (48)	16.4 (62)	20.6 (69)	24.2 (76)	23.1 (74)	17.1 (63)	10.4 (51)	1.7 (35)	-6.1 (21)
Avg low temperature °C (°F)	-21.1 (-6)	-18.4 (-1)	-11.2 (12)	-3.3 (26)	2.5 (37)	7.3 (45)	11 (52)	10.1 (50)	4.9 (41)	-0.5 (31)	-7.7 (18)	-17 (1)

[edit] Economy and workforce

Employment by industry[1]
Industry	Thunder Bay	Ontario
Agriculture	3.7%	3.2%
Manufacturing	16.2%	22.0%
Trade	15.0%	15.9%
Finance	4.4%	6.7%
Health and education	21.6%	15.1%
Business services	16.6%	19.1%
Other services	22.4%	18.1%

Thunder Bay is the largest city in Northwestern Ontario, serving as a regional commercial and medical centre. The main private sector employers are Bowater Forest Products, Abitibi-Consolidated, Bombardier Transportation, Buchanan Forest Products, and Cascades Inc. The public sector employs a large workforce, the main employers being the City of Thunder Bay, the Government of Ontario, the Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre, Lakehead University, Lakehead District School Board, Thunder Bay Catholic District School Board, Government of Canada, and Confederation College.

Labour force[2][3]
Rate	Thunder Bay	Ontario	Canada
Employment	59.0%	63.6%	63.4%
Unemployment	6.7%	6.3%	6.1%
Participation	63.2%	67.9%	67.5%

In recent years, both the transportation and forestry sectors have declined steadily, mainly due to the rising cost of electricity in Ontario threatening their viability. Mills, for instance, are continually laying workers off, resulting in an increase of unemployment.

The city has been actively working on a transition to a knowledge based economy. With such institutions as the Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Genesis Genomics, the Molecular Medicine Research Centre, among others, the city is poised to become a leader in health sciences research in Canada.

[edit] Transportation and harbour

Thunder Bay is advantaged by air, rail and shipping traffic due to its prime location along major continental transportation routes. The city is served by the Thunder Bay International Airport, the third busiest airport in Ontario. In 2003, 598,000 passengers travelled through the airport. The airport is serviced by Air Canada Jazz, Westjet, Bearskin Airlines, Wasaya Airways, Mesaba (for Northwest Airlines), Air Creebec, Skyservice, Thunder Airlines, Wiskair, Air Bravo, and NAC Air.

The city is still an important railway hub, served by both the Canadian National and Canadian Pacific Railway, despite the decline in western grain shipments. Passenger rail service to Thunder Bay ended over a decade ago, with the cancellation of VIA Rail Canada's southern transcontinental service. The CPR Union Depot (1910) remains in Fort William, with the CNR station (1905) providing tourism related services in Marina Park. For history of railways at Thunder Bay, see the History section.

Thunder Bay has been a port since the days of the North West Company which maintained a schooner on Lake Superior. Significant navigation came after 1855 with the opening of the canal at Sault Ste. Marie (Soo locks) which allowed ships coming from the lower lakes to bypass the rapids of the St. Marys River. To facilitate navigation, the federal government dredged the Kaministiquia River from 1873 onwards and built a large breakwater in Thunder Bay beginning in the early 1900's.

Until the 1970s, coal, grain, iron ore and package freight were handled through the port in enormous quantities. Gradually, shipping by train and boat diminished as most package freight is transported by road. The railway's Intermodal freight transport has done away with the costly transshipment of individual goods between box cars and Lake freighters. Combined with loss of grain subsidies (the Crow Rate) and the 1988 free trade agreement with the United States, have terminated Thunder Bay's privileged position as a linchpin in Canadian east-west trade. As a result the city has lost its traditional raison d'être as a break-bulk point, and the city is in economic decline.

Thunder Bay Port Authority [5] manages Keefer Terminal built on a 320,000 square metre site on Lake Superior.

Greyhound Canada [6] provides coach service to both regional and national destinations.

Thunder Bay Transit [7] provides 17 routes across the city's urban area. There are also numerous trails for walking and cycling.

[edit] Education

[edit] School Boards

• Lakehead District School Board[8] (Public)
• Thunder Bay Catholic District School Board[9] (Separate)
• Conseil scolaire de district catholique des Aurores boréales[10]

The Lakehead District School Board is the largest, with 25 elementary schools, 5 secondary schools and one centre for adult studies. The Thunder Bay Catholic District School Board is the second largest with 16 elementary schools and 2 high schools. CSDC Aurores boréales operates one elementary and one high school in Thunder Bay, and an additional six public schools throughout the Thunder Bay District.

[edit] List of Schools

Public Elementary Schools Agnew H. Johnston Public School (French Immersion) Algonquin Avenue Public School Balsam Street Public School C.D. Howe Public School Claude E. Garton Public School (French Immersion) Crestview Public School (Murillo) Ecole Gron Morgan Public School (French Immersion) Edgewater Park Public School Five Mile Public School Forest Park Public School Gorham and Ware Public School (Gorham and Ware) Kakabeka Falls Public School (Kakabeka Falls) Kingsway Park Public School (4 to 8) Kingsway Park Public School - Hyde Park Campus (K-3) McKellar Park Public School McKenzie Public School (Shuniah)(K-6) Nor'wester View Public School Ogden Community Public School (K-6) St. James Public School (K-6) Sherbrooke Public School Sir John A. Macdonald Public School Valley Central Public School Vance Chapman Public School Westmount Public School Whitefish Valley Public School (Kakabeka Falls) Public Secondary Schools Hammarskjold High School Hillcrest High School Port Arthur CI (7 to 12) Sir Winston Churchill C&VI (7 to 12) (IB) Westgate C&VI Lakehead Adult Education Centre

Catholic K-6 Schools Corpus Christi Holy Cross Holy Family Our Lady Of Charity St. Ann St. Bernard (French Immersion) St. Elizabeth St. Francis St. John St. Jude St. Margaret St. Martin St. Paul St. Pius X St. Thomas Aquinas St. Vincent Catholic 7/8 Schools Bishop E. Q. Jennings Bishop Gallagher Sacred Heart St. Edward Catholic High Schools St. Ignatius St. Patrick CSDC Aurores Boréales École Catholique Franco-Supérior (K-8) École Secondaire Catholique de la Vérendrye (9 to 12) Private Schools Thunder Bay Christian School[11] (K-10) (CSI)

[edit] Post-Secondary Institutions

Confederation College Lakehead University

Negahneewin College Northern Ontario School of Medicine

[edit] Other Educational Institutions

CDI College Kumon Canada Sylvan Learning Centre

Contact North Keewaytinook Internet High School

[edit] Culture

The Thunder Bay Community Auditorium (seating 1500 people) is the primary venue for various types of entertainment, including the Thunder Bay Symphony Orchestra.

• Thunder Bay Symphony Orchestra, with 30 full-time and up to 20 extra musicians, presents a full range of classical music.
• Magnus Theatre (founded 1971) is Northwestern Ontario's professional theatre offering six stage plays each season.
• Thunder Bay Art Gallery (founded 1976) specializes in the works of First Nations artists, having a collection of national significance.
• Thunder Bay Historical Museum (founded 1908) presents local and travelling exhibitions and houses an impressive collection of artifacts, photographs, paintings, documents and maps in its archives.
• The Bay Street Film Festival (established 2005) is an independent film festival that features local, national, and international films with the theme "Films for the People." The festival is held in September on 314 Bay Street in the historic Finnish Labour Temple.
• The Thunder Bay Public Library serves the citizens of Thunder Bay with four branches.
• Thunder Bay also has a large and extensive music scene, with concerts almost nightly in many venues such as; Kilroy's, Jack's, and The Apollo.

[edit] Sports and Recreation

Thunder Bay's proximity to the wilderness of the Boreal Forest and the rolling hills and mountains of the Canadian Shield allow its residents to enjoy very active lifestyles. The city has hosted several large sporting events including the Summer Canada Games in 1981 and the Nordic World Ski Championships in 1995.

[edit] Sporting Facilities in Thunder Bay

Thunder Bay enjoys many recreational facilities. The city operates fifteen neighbourhood community centres, which offer various sporting and fitness facilities as well as seasonal activities such as dances. The city also operates six indoor ice rinks and over 80 seasonal outdoor rinks, two indoor community pools and three seasonal outdoor pools as well as a portable pool and two maintained public beaches, several curling sheets, and three golf courses, among others. Listed below are some of the city's major facilities.

Multi-Use Facilities The Canada Games Complex The Fort William Gardens Port Arthur Stadium Royal Canadian Legion Sports Complex Thunder Bay Golf Dome 18 Hole Golf Courses Chapples Memorial Golf Course (Municipal) Fort William Country Club Strathcona Golf Course (Municipal) Whitewater Golf Club

Municipal Ice Rinks and Pools Current River Arena Grandview Arena Neebing Arena Port Arthur Arena Thunder Bay Tournament Centre Sir Winston Churchill Community Pool Volunteer Community Pool Ski Hills Lappe Nordic Ski Centre Loch Lomond Ski Resort Mount Baldy Ski Resort

[edit] Sports teams in Thunder Bay

Thunder Bay is currently home to the following amateur sports teams:

Fort William North Stars (Hockey/SIJHL) Lakehead University Thunderwolves (Basketball/OUA) Lakehead University Thunderwolves (Hockey/OUA) Lakehead University Thunderwolves (Volleyball/OUA)

Thunder Bay Bearcats (Hockey/SIJHL) Thunder Bay Bordercats (Baseball/Northwoods League) Thunder Bay Bulldogs (Hockey/SIJHL) Thunder Bay Chill (Soccer/United Soccer Leagues)

[edit] Media

[edit] Newspapers

• The Chronicle-Journal (daily)
• Thunder Bay's Source (weekly)
• Thunder Bay This Month (monthly)

[edit] Radio stations

• AM 580 - CKPR, news (Has been approved to move to 91.5 FM[12])
• FM 88.3 - CBQT, CBC Radio One
• FM 89.3 - CBON-20, La Première Chaîne
• FM 94.3 - CJSD, Rock94 active rock
• FM 95.1 - CJOA, Christian music
• FM 97.1 - CITB, tourist information
• FM 99.9 - CJUK, Magic 99.9 adult contemporary
• FM 101.7 - CBQ, CBC Radio Two
• FM 102.7 - CILU, LU Radio Lakehead University campus radio
• FM 103.5 - CKED, Hot FM hot adult contemporary
• FM 104.5 - CFQK, Hot FM hot adult contemporary
• FM 105.3 - CKTG, 105.3 The Giant classic rock

[edit] Television stations

• Channel 2 - CKPR - CBC
• Channel 4 - CHFD - CTV
• Channel 9 - CICO-9, TVOntario
• Channel 12 - CBLFT-18, SRC
• Cable 10 - Shaw TV community channel

[edit] Online media

• Net NewsLedger Online news and information site.
• TBChat.com Thunder Bay's Online Social Community.
• TBShows.com Database for Thunder Bay's music scene.
• Thunder Bay Online Online Cultural Website.

[edit] Visitor attractions

Thunder Bay's main tourist attraction is Fort William Historical Park (aka Old Fort William), a reconstruction of the North West Company's Fort William fur trade post as it was in 1815. Thunder Bay harbor in Thunder Bay North also draws visitors because of the beautiful view of the Sleeping Giant and the presence of various water craft. The Thunder Bay Marina includes an along-the-lake-walk, playground, harbour cruises, a children's museum, ice cream shop and Chinese/Canadian cuisine. Other tourists attractions are listed below. A 2.74 m (9 ft) statue of Terry Fox is situated outside the city near the place where he was forced to abandon his run.

Unique restaurants include The Hoito, a Finnish restaurant known for its plate size Finnish pancakes and other Finnish foods.

• Boulevard Lake
• Centennial Park
• Chippewa Amusement Park and Zoo
• Finnish Labour Temple
• Fort William Historical Park
• Friendship Gardens
• Intercity Shopping Centre
• Kakabeka Falls
• Mount McKay Lookout
• Northwestern Ontario Sports Hall of Fame
• Ouimet Canyon east of the city
• Silver Falls
• The Cascades
• Thunder Bay Art Gallery
• Thunder Bay Historical Museum
• Thunder Bay Marina

[edit] Notables

Jack Adams, hockey player, hockey coach and general manager Alexander Auld, NHL goalie, Florida Panthers Ken Boshcoff, former mayor, Canadian politician Maurice Russell Brown, 1912-, mining journalist Derek Burney, civil servant, diplomat, businessman Clifford Chatterton, chairman War Amputees, veterans' activist. Joe Comuzzi, politician James Conmee, 1848-1913, Ontario and federal politician Julian Gifford Cross, 1888-1971, mining engineer Bobby Curtola, musician, b. 1944 Simon James Dawson, 1820-1902, surveyor, civil engineer, politician Alex Delvecchio, hockey player Dr.Stan Dromisky, retired MP Kevin Durand, actor Douglas Fisher, journalist/politician Lee Fogolin Sr., hockey player Jessica Grassia, musician, The Golden Dogs Don Grashey, songwriter, record producer Mary Riter Hamilton, 1873-1954, Port Arthur artist Curt Harnett, Olympic cyclist Clarence Decatur Howe, 1886-1960, Canadian politician Sanford Jackson, clinical chemist Greg Johnson, hockey player Ryan Johnson, hockey player Mauri Kaipainen, musicologist Dan Ladouceur, lacrosse player (Toronto Rock) Edgar Laprade, hockey player, b. 1919 Bora Laskin, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada Hugh LeCaine, 1914-1977, physicist, composer, inventor Trevor Letowski, hockey player Pentti Lund, hockey player, b. 1925

Elsie MacGill, aeronautical engineer Norm Maciver, hockey player Arthur Mauro, lawyer, businessman. Robert James Manion, 1881-1943, Canadian politician Lyn McLeod, Ontario politician Rod Michano, noted First Nations HIV/AIDS educator and social activist Dorothea Mitchell, 1877-1976, filmmaker Norval Morrisseau, accomplished Ojibway artist Bev Oda, Canadian politician, Japanese Canadian David Pall, 1914-2004, chemist Alfred Petrone, lawyer Robin Philpot, journalist, Quebec nationalist Penny Petrone, teacher and writer Gary Polonsky, Ontario educator John Potestio, teacher and writer Taylor Pyatt, hockey player Viljo Rosvall and Janne Voutilainen, unionists and martyrs Steve Rucchin, hockey player Lorne Saxberg, radio and television broadcaster Diane Schoemperlen, writer Paul Shaffer, musician Elizabeth Lawrie Smellie, 1884-1968, nurse, colonel Eric Staal, NHL centre, Carolina Hurricanes Jordan Staal, NHL centre, Pittsburgh Penguins Marc Staal, NHL defenceman, New York Rangers Trevor Stewardson, boxer Vampiro, professional wrestler Katie Weatherston, hockey player Raymond A. Zuliani, Rear-Admiral, Canadian Forces (ret'd), b. 1948 Greg Zelinski, Watercolor Artist and Instructor

[edit] Surrounding Municipalities

	Kaministiquia	Thunder Bay, Unorganized	Dorion, Nipigon, Red Rock, Shuniah
	Conmee, O'Connor, Oliver Paipoonge		Thunder Bay, Sibley Peninsula
		Thunder Bay
	Gillies, Nolalu	Fort William First Nation, Neebing	Isle Royale

[edit] External links

• Maps and aerial photos Coordinates: 48.42° -89.28°
  • WikiSatellite view at WikiMapia
  • Street map from Mapquest
  • Aerial photograph from Terraserver
  • Topo, Nautical, Aeronautical maps from Maptech
• City of Thunder Bay Official Website
• Thunder Bay International Airports Authority
• Thunder Bay Ontario Information
• City of Thunder Bay Official Tourism Website
• Thunder Bay Independent Media Centre
• Thunder Bay Health Region
• Thunder Bay Public Library
• Ontario Highway 11 Homepage - Thunder Bay