Traditional Korean musical instruments

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Traditional Korean musical instruments comprise a wide range of string, wind, and percussion instruments.

1 String
2 Wind
3 Percussion
4 External links
- 4.1 Listening
- 4.2 Video
5 See also

[edit] String

Korean string instruments include those that are plucked, bowed, and struck. Most Korean string instruments use silk strings, except as noted.

[edit] Plucked

Gayageum (hangul: 가야금; hanja: 伽倻琴) - A long zither with 12 strings; modern versions may have 13, 17, 18, 21, 22, or 25 strings
Geomungo (hangul: 거문고; hanja: 玄琴) - A fretted bass zither with six strings that is plucked with a bamboo stick
Daejaeng (hangul: 대쟁; hanja: 大筝) - A long zither with 15 strings, slightly larger than the gayageum; it was used during the Goryeo period but is no longer used^photo
Seul (hangul: 슬; hanja: 瑟) - A long zither with 25 strings, derived from the Chinese se; used today only in Munmyo jeryeak (Confucian ritual music)^photo
Geum (hangul: 금; hanja: 琴) - A 7-stringed zither, derived from the Chinese guqin; used today only in Munmyo jeryeak (Confucian ritual music)^photo
Gonghu (hangul: 공후; hanja: 箜篌) - Harps (no longer used). There were three subtypes according to shape:
- Sogonghu (hangul: 소공후; hanja: 小箜篌; literally "small harp")^photo
- Sugonghu (hangul: 수공후; hanja: 豎箜篌; literally "vertical harp")^photo
- Wagonghu (hangul: 와공후; hanja: 臥箜篌; literally "lying down harp")^photo
Bipa (hangul: 비파; hanja: 琵琶) - A pear-shaped lute with four or five strings (subtypes include hyangbipa and dangbipa); derived from the Chinese pipa; no longer used
Wolgeum (hangul: 월금; hanja: 月琴) - A lute with a moon-shaped wooden body, four strings, and 13 frets; no longer used
Ongnyugeum (hangul: 옥류금; hanja: 玉流琴 - A large modernized box zither with 33 nylon-wrapped metal strings, developed in North Korea in 1973; pronounced ongryugeum in North Korea^{photo 1}^{photo 2}^{photo 3}

[edit] Bowed

Haegeum (hangul: 해금; hanja: 奚琴) - A vertical fiddle with two strings
Ajaeng (hangul: 아쟁; hanja: 牙箏) - A bowed zither, derived from the Chinese yazheng

[edit] Struck

Yanggeum (hangul: 양금; hanja: 洋琴) - A hammered dulcimer with metal strings, struck with a bamboo stick

[edit] Wind

[edit] Flutes

Daegeum (hangul: 대금; hanja: 大琴 or 大笒) - A large transverse bamboo flute with buzzing membrane
Junggeum (hangul: 중금; hanja: 中琴 or 中笒) - A medium-sized transverse bamboo flute without buzzing membrane
Sogeum (hangul: 소금; hanja: 小琴 or 小笒) - A small transverse bamboo flute without buzzing membrane
Danso (hangul: 단소; hanja: 短簫) - A small notched vertical bamboo flute
Tongso (hangul: 퉁소; hanja: 洞簫) - A long notched vertical bamboo flute; derived from the Chinese dongxiao
Yak (hangul: 약; hanja: 籥) - A notched vertical bamboo flute with three finger holes; used in Confucian ritual music and dance
Ji (hangul: 지; hanja: 篪) - An ancient vertical bamboo flute with a protruding notched blowhole and five finger holes (one in the back and four in the front), used only in aak; derived from the Chinese chí
Jeok (hangul: 적; hanja: 翟) - An ancient flute of Chinese origin; used in court ritual music
So (hangul: 소; hanja: 簫) - A pan flute; derived from the Chinese paixiao; used only in Munmyo jeryeak (Confucian ritual music)
Dangjeok (hangul: 당적; hanja: 唐笛) - A small transverse bamboo flute of Chinese origin, slightly smaller than the junggeum
Hun (hangul: 훈; hanja: 塤) - An ocarina made of baked clay

[edit] Oboes

Piri (hangul: 피리; hanja: 觱篥) - A cylindrical oboe with a bamboo body. There are four varieties of piri:
- Hyang piri (hangul: 향피리; hanja: 鄕觱篥)
- Se piri (hangul: 세피리; hanja: 細觱篥)
- Dang piri (hangul: 당피리; hanja: 唐觱篥)
- Dae piri (대피리)
Taepyeongso (hangul: 태평소; hanja: 太平簫; also called hojok) - A conical oboe with a wooden body and metal bell

[edit] Mouth organs

Saenghwang (hangul: 생황; hanja: 笙簧) - A free reed mouth organ with 17 bamboo pipes; derived from the Chinese sheng
U (hangul: 우; hanja: 竽) - A free reed mouth organ, large in size; derived from the Chinese yu; no longer used
Hwa (hangul: 화; hanja: 和) - A free reed mouth organ with 13 bamboo pipes; derived from the Chinese he; no longer used

[edit] Horns

Nabal (hangul: 나발; hanja: 喇叭) - Long metal trumpet
Nagak (hangul: 나각; hanja: 螺角) - Sea shell horn; also called sora

[edit] Percussion

[edit] Chimes

Jong (hangul: 종; hanja: 鐘) - A bronze bell
Pyeonjong (hangul: 편종; hanja: 編鐘) - A set of 16 tuned bronze bells used in ancient court music; derived from the Chinese bianzhong
Pyeongyeong (hangul: 편경; hanja: 編磬) - A set of 16 tuned stone chimes used in ancient court music; derived from the Chinese bianqing
Banghyang (hangul: 방향; hanja: 方響) - A metallophone with 16 tuned iron slabs; derived from the Chinese fangxiang
Ulla (hangul: 운라; hanja: 雲羅) - A set of ten small tuned gongs in a wooden frame; derived from the Chinese yunluo

[edit] Drums

Janggu or Janggo (hangul: 장고 or 장구; hanja: 杖鼓 or 長鼓) - A double-headed hourglass-shaped drum
Buk (hangul: 북) - A barrel drum used primarily in folk music
Jingo (hangul: 진고; hanja: 晉鼓) - Largest barrel drum
Jeolgo (hangul: 절고; hanja: 節鼓) - Barrel drum
Jwago (hangul: 좌고; hanja: 座鼓) - A barrel drum in a wooden frame
Geongo (hangul: 건고; hanja: 建鼓) - Huge barrel drum
Yonggo (hangul: 용고; hanja: 龍鼓) - A barrel drum with a dragon painted on its shell
Sakgo - (hangul: 삭고; hanja: 朔鼓) - A long barrel drum suspended from a wooden frame
Sogo (hangul: 소고; hanja: 小鼓) - A small hand-held drum
Nogo (hangul: 노고; hanja: 路鼓) - A set of two drums pierced by a pole
Nodo (hangul: 노도) - A set of two small drums on a pole, which is twisted to play; used in ritual music

[edit] Gongs

Kkwaenggwari (hangul: 꽹과리) - A small gong used primarily in folk music
Jing (hangul: 징; hanja: 鉦) - A large gong; originally pronounced jeong (정)

[edit] Other

Bak (hangul: 박; hanja: 拍) - A wooden clapper used in ancient court music
Bu (hangul: 부; hanja: 缶) - A clay pot used in Confucian ritual music; derived from the Chinese fǒu
Chuk (hangul: 축; hanja: 柷 - A wooden box, played by hitting a stick on the inside, used to mark beats or sections; derived from the Chinese zhù
Eo (hangul: 어; hanja: 敔) - A wooden percussion instrument carved in the shape of a tiger with a serrated back, played by running a bamboo whisk across it to mark the ends of sections; derived from the Chinese yǔ

[edit] External links

[edit] Listening

Korean instrument audio samples
Korean music audio from Robert Garfias site

[edit] Video

Korean instruments videos from Robert Garfias site

[edit] See also

Traditional Musical instruments of Asia

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Categories: Musical instruments by nationality | Musical instruments | Korean musical instruments