Transport in Turkey

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[edit] Railways

The TCDD - Türkiye Devlet Demir Yolları (Turkish Republic Railways) possess 8,607 km of 1435 mm gauge, of which 1,524 km are electrified (1999). (Map)

In 2004, Marmaray project started on a rail tunnel under the Bosphorus straights.

Between Istanbul and Ankara, a high speed railroad line is being constructed now next to the normal speed railroad which is being renovated. When finished, travel time between the two major cities will reduce from 6,5 hours to 3 hours and 10 minutes, using trains ordered from Spain that can reach up to 250km/h. Construction of a high speed railroad line between Ankara and Konya is also soon to begin in order to connect the two cities with a direct line and reduce travel time from several hours to approximately one hour. Several other high speed and normal railroad projects are currently in the planning stage.

Cities with underground railway systems are Ankara, Istanbul, İzmir, Bursa, and Adana (under construction).

[edit] Railway links with adjacent countries

Armenia - closed
Bulgaria - open - 1435mm
Greece - open - 1435mm
Georgia - under reconstruction - break-of-gauge 1435mm/1524mm.
Iran - via Lake Van train ferry
Iraq - via Syria
Syria - open - 1435mm

[edit] 2007

February 7 - agreement signed for Kars-Baku-Tiblisi railway

[edit] Light Rail

See also: Trams in Europe

After almost 30 years without any trams, Turkey is experiencing a revival in trams. Established in 1992, the tram system of Istanbul earned the best large-scale tram management award in 2005. Another award winning tram network belongs to Eskişehir, a city with a new tram system opened in 2004. Several other cities are planning or constructing tram lines, usually with modern low-floow trams.

Cities with Light Rail Transit systems: Istanbul, Ankara, Eskişehir, Konya, Antalya, Kayseri(under construction)

[edit] Road Transport

[edit] Public road transport

There are numerous private bus companies providing connections between cities in Turkey.

For local trips to villages there are dolmuşes, small vans that seat about twenty passengers.

[edit] Highways

total: 382,397 km
paved: 95,599 km (including 1,726 km of expressways)
unpaved: 286,798 km (1999 est.)

[edit] Car ownership

In 2004, there were a total of 5,359,579 passenger cars in Turkey. (link). The provinces with the highest rates of car ownership were:-

1 - Ankara (158 cars per 1,000 pop.)
2 - İstanbul (129)
3 - Muğla (106)
4 - İzmir (103)
5 - Eskişehir (98)
6 - Denizli (98)
7 - Antalya (95)
8 - Burdur (90)
9 - Kayseri (85)
10- Karabük (84)
11- Bursa (83)
12- Zonguldak (79)

[edit] Waterways

about 1,200 km

[edit] Pipelines

crude oil 1,738 km; petroleum products 2,321 km; natural gas 708 km

[edit] Ports and harbors

[edit] Black Sea

[edit] Aegean Sea

İzmir

[edit] Mediterranean Sea

[edit] Sea of Marmara

[edit] Merchant marine

total: 547 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,935,173 GRT/9,771,421 DWT
ships by type: bulk 155, cargo 244, chemical tanker 37, combination bulk 5, combination ore/oil 6, container 20, liquified gas 5, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 35, refrigerated cargo 3, roll-on/roll-off 22, short-sea passenger 9, specialized tanker 5 (1999 est.)

[edit] Airports and airlines

Ataturk International Airport, Istanbul

Total number of Airports in Turkey: 118 (1999 est.) See also: Airports in Turkey. See also: Turkish Airlines.

[edit] Airports - with paved runways

total: 82
over 3,047 m: 16
2,438 to 3,047 m: 27
1,524 to 2,437 m: 18
914 to 1,523 m: 16
under 914 m: 5 (1999 est.)

[edit] Airports - with unpaved runways

total: 36
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 9
under 914 m: 26 (1999 est.)

[edit] Heliports

2 (1999 est.)

[edit] See also

v • d • e

Transport in Europe

Albania · Andorra · Armenia² · Austria · Azerbaijan¹ · Belarus · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Croatia · Cyprus² · Czech Republic · Denmark · Estonia · Finland · France · Georgia¹ · Germany · Greece · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Italy · Kazakhstan¹ · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Republic of Macedonia · Malta · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Russia¹ · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain · Sweden · Switzerland · Turkey¹ · Ukraine · United Kingdom · Vatican City

Dependencies, autonomies and other territories
Abkhazia¹ · Adjara² · Åland · Akrotiri and Dhekelia · Crimea · Faroe Islands · Gibraltar · Guernsey · Isle of Man · Jersey · Kosovo · Nagorno-Karabakh² · Nakhichevan² · Transnistria · Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus^2, 3

¹ Has significant territory in Asia. ² Entirely in West Asia, but considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons. ³ Only recognised by Turkey.

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Category: Transport in Turkey