Ugly duckling theorem
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The Ugly Duckling Theorem is an argument demonstrating that classification is impossible without some sort of bias. It is named for Hans Christian Andersen's famous story of The Ugly Duckling, because it shows that, all things being equal, an ugly duckling is just as similar to a swan as two swans are to each other. It was proposed and proved by Satosi Watanabe in 1969.
Basically the idea is that a if you select two objects (a and b) out of set A of objects, then number of subsets of set A containing both a and b is equal the number of subsets of A which contain only a. This Means that a is equally dissimilar and similar to b. [1]
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