William Murphy (scientist)
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William Parry Murphy (Stoughton, Wisconsin, February 6, 1892 – October 9, 1987) was an American physician who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1934 with George Richards Minot and George Hoyt Whipple for their combined work in devising and treating macrocytic anaemia.
In 1924, Murphy bled dogs to make them anemic, and then fed them various substances and gauged their improvement. He discovered that ingesting large amounts of liver seemed to cure the disease. Minot and Whipple then set about to chemically isolate the curative substance and ultimately were able to isolate vitamin B12 from the liver.
Murphy married Pearl Harriett Adams on September 10, 1919. They had a son, Dr. William P. Murphy Jr., and a daughter, Priscilla Adams.
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1926: Fibiger | 1927: Wagner-Jauregg | 1928: Nicolle | 1929: Eijkman, Hopkins | 1930: Landsteiner | 1931: Warburg | 1932: Sherrington, Adrian | 1933: Morgan | 1934: Whipple, Minot, Murphy | 1935: Spemann | 1936: Dale, Loewi | 1937: Szent-Györgyi | 1938: Heymans | 1939: Domagk | 1943: Dam, Doisy | 1944: Erlanger, Gasser | 1945: Fleming, Chain, Florey | 1946: Muller | 1947: C.Cori, G.Cori, Houssay | 1948: Müller | 1949: Hess, Moniz | 1950: Kendall, Reichstein, Hench |
