Fairy painting
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Fairy painting is a genre of painting and illustration featuring fairies and fairy tale settings, often with extreme attention to detail. The genre is most closely associated with the Victorian era in Great Britain, but has experienced a contemporary revival.
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[edit] Origins and influences
Despite its whimsical appearance, fairy painting is strongly rooted in the literary and theatrical influences of Romanticism, as well as in the cultural issues facing the Victorian era. Among the most significant of these influences were the fantasy themes of Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream and The Tempest. Other literary works, such as Edmund Spenser's The Faerie Queene and Alexander Pope's mock-heroic The Rape of the Lock have been cited as contributing influences as well.[1] Innovations in stage production helped bring these works to the public eye, as the development of gaslight and improvments in wire-work led to increasingly elaborate special effects. Although once described by Douglas Jerrold as "a fairy creation that could only be acted by fairies",[2] productions of A Midsummer Night's Dream became more common, eventually leading to a 1853 spectacle featuring Ellen Terry astride a mechanical mushroom.[3]
Cultural changes were also an important factor during this period. Continuing industrialization was uprooting longstanding traditions, and rapid advances in science and technology, especially the invention of photography, left some people discomforted and confused. According to Jeremy Maas, the turn to mythological and fantasy elements, and in particular to the fairy's world, allowed an escape from these demands. "No other type of painting concentrates so many of the opposing elements of the Victorian psyche: the desire to escape the drear hardships of daily existence; the stirrings of new attitudes toward sex, stifled by religious dogma; a passion for the unseen; the birth of psychoanalysis; the latent revulsion against the exactitude of the new invention of photography."[4] The significance of fairy paintings as a reaction to cultural change is not universally accepted, however. "Ultimately," Andrew Stuttaford wrote, "these paintings were just about fun."[5]
[edit] Victorian fairy painting
The earliest artists considered to have contributed to the genre predate much of Romanticism and the Victorian era. Henry Fuseli and William Blake produced works that would be indicitive of the later genre even before 1800.[6] However, the artist most closely associated with fairy painting was outsider artist Richard Dadd, a suspected schizophrenic who produced most of his work while incarcerated in the Bethlem psychiatric hospital for the murder of his father.[7] Despite his status and condition, his fantastic subjects and extraordinarily detailed style were generally well-received, with one period reviewer describing his work as "exquisitely ideal".[8] He accompagnied his masterpiece, The Fairy Feller's Master-Stroke, with an elaborate poem providing historical, literary, or mythological context to each of the characters depicted.[9]
Fairy painting was not exclusively the domain of outside art, however. The work of John Anster Fitzgerald debuted at London's Royal Academy. His work, in the form a series of Christmas-themed fairy illustrations, received wider public visibility in the Illustrated London News. Even Edwin Landseer, sometimes named "Victoria's favorite artist", produced a painting of Titania and Bottom in the genre's style.[5]
The genre also influenced the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and the movement it began. Co-founder John Everett Millais produced a series of fairy paintings based on The Tempest, ending with his 1849 work Ferdinand Lured by Ariel.[10] Dante Gabriel Rossetti, another of the Brotherhood's initial members, took a more sensual approach to the subject, in both painting and poetry.[11] Others involved with the movement, such as Arthur Hughes and William Bell Scott, also contributed to the genre.
Although the Cottingley Fairies briefly revived interest in fae subjects, the waning of Romanticism and the advent of World War I reduced interest in the styles and topics popular during the Victorian era. The illustrated fairy-tale books of Arthur Rackham are considered its "final flowering".[6]
[edit] Modern revivial
The interest in fantasy art and literature since the 1970s has seen a revival in the the topics and styles of Victorian fairy painting, often in novel contexts. While artists such as Stephanie Pui-Mun Law have produced genre illustrations for book covers and role-playing games, the works of Brian Froud, also known for a series of illustrated fairy books, have been adapted into several successful motion pictures including The Dark Crystal and Labyrinth. A book by David Riche The Art of Faery mentored by Froud published 2003 launched greater artistic careers for a new movement of 21st century featuring twenty Fairy Artists including Amy Brown, Myrea Pettit, Jasmine Becket-Griffith, James Browne, Jessica Galbreth most then authoring their own individual art books such is the interest . Depictions of fae have made their way into the popular culture in other ways as well, including clothing designs, ceramics, figurines, needlecraft, figurative art, quilting, many marketed through Hot Topic in USA or on international websites. A collector's market has grown up around a number of artists showing their work online, and at Science Fiction conventions, Fairy Festivals and Renaissance Faires.
[edit] References
- ^ Victorian Fairy Painting from the Frick Collection. Antiques and the Arts Online. Retrieved on 2007-01-10.
- ^ Phelps, W. May and John Forbes-Robertson (1886). The Life and Life-Work of Samuel Phelps. Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington.
- ^ Wells, Stanley (2000). Shakespeare in the Theatre: An Anthology of Criticism. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-871176-6.
- ^ Maas, Jeremy (1997). Victorian Fairy Painting. Merrell Holberton. ISBN 978-0900946585.
- ^ a b Stuttaford, Andrew (1998-12-31). "Feywatch". National Review.
- ^ a b Fairy Painting. Tate Glossary. Tate Collection. Retrieved on 2008-01-10.
- ^ Allderidge, Patricia (1974). The Late Richard Dadd, 1817-1886. Tate Gallery. ISBN 978-0900874796.
- ^ (Aug 1844) "Etched Thoughts by the Etching Club". Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine (346).
- ^ MacGregor, John (1989). The Discovery of the Art of the Insane. ISBN 0-691-04071-0.
- ^ Bennett, Mary (Aug 1984). "An Early Drawing for 'The Tempest' by Everett Millais". Burlington Magazine (126).
- ^ Treuherz, Jan, Liz Prettejohn and Edwin Becker (2003-11-24). Dante Gabriel Rossetti. Thames & Hudson. ISBN 978-0500093160.
