Farm to Market Road
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In the United States, a Farm to Market Road or Ranch to Market Road (sometimes Farm Road or Ranch Road for short) is a state road or county road which serves to connect rural and agricultural areas to market towns. These routes serve as a better quality road, usually a highway, which allows farmers and ranchers to transport their products to market towns and/or distribution centers.
However, in Texas, the terms "Farm to Market Road" or "Ranch to Market Road" indicate a road that is part of the state's system of secondary and connecting routes, built and maintained by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT). This system was established in 1949 as a project to provide access to rural areas. The system consists primarily of paved, two-lane roads. Roads occurring west of U.S. Route 281 (or Interstate 35 in some locations) are designated Ranch-to-Market roads, while those occurring east of U.S. 281 are generally designated Farm-to-Market roads, though there are exceptions to this naming system.
Although these roads are signed "Farm Road" or "Ranch Road" (or simply "FM" and "RM" on larger sign assemblies), the proper name is Farm-to-Market and Ranch-to-Market road. The only exception is Ranch Road 1, which runs near the former ranch home of former President Lyndon B. Johnson.
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[edit] History
The first Texas Farm to Market Road was completed in January 1937 betweeen Mount Enterprise and Shiloh. The route was 5.8 miles long and cost $48,000. In 1945, the highway commission authorised the construction of 7500 miles of Farm to Market roadway, to be shared by the federal and state government. The popularity of the program and the vast, isolated central and western areas of the state of Texas prompted the passing of the Colson-Briscoe Act in 1949, which allowed for the creation of an extensive system of secondary roads to provide access to the rural areas of the state and to allow farmers and ranchers to bring their goods to market. The act provided $15 million per year for local highway construction. In 1962, the Texas legislature increased this amount to no less than $23 million, and expanded the Farm to Market system from 35,000 to 50,000 miles. The system includes both Farm-to-Market roads and Ranch-to-Market roads and now accounts for over half of the Texas Department of Transportation system.
[edit] Identification
Signs designating a Farm-to-Market or Ranch-to-Market road show a white shape of the state of Texas on a black background with the words "Farm Road" or "Ranch Road" appearing in the background and the road number appearing on the shape of Texas. Guide signs (the large green signs usually found along highways) designating these roads show a white rectangle with the abbreviation "F.M." or "R.M." and the road number appearing below the abbreviation.
As a result of population growth and the expansion of urban areas, many of these roads now serve urban areas. An effort was made to rename such roads "Urban Roads" in the 1990s, but residents opposed the effort. Though the F.M. and R.M. designations remain in place on route signage, the state tracks Urban Roads separately in its highway designation files. For example, the mileage of Farm to Market Road 544 in Plano was transferred from FM 544 [1] to UR 544 [2] in 1995.
FM and RM roads are numbered as a single set of roads (e.g., there should not be an FM and an RM with the same number, unless it crosses US 281). Urban Roads do not share this distinction; URs are normally numbered with the same number they had as FM or RM roads.
[edit] Facts and trivia
- All state highways in Texas, regardless of designation, are paved.
- The longest Farm to Market Road is FM 168 at 139.421 miles.
- The shortest Farm to Market Road is FM 742, at 0.175 mile.
- The longest Ranch-to-Market road is RM 187, at 81.9 miles.
- The shortest Ranch-to-Market road is RM 3474, at 0.694 mile.
- According to the Texas Department of Transportation, there are over 41,000 miles of FM, RM roads and Urban Roads in Texas.
[edit] Other states
Missouri has a similar state-operated system of farm-to-market roads, called Missouri Supplemental Routes. Unlike Texas' unique farm-to-market route numbers, Missouri uses letters and two-letter combinations.
Iowa also has a farm-to-market road system. Those roads are under county jurisdiction [3], but are eligible for state aid from a dedicated fund. [4]
[edit] See also
List of Farm to Market Roads in Texas
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|
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|---|---|
| High-speed access via interchanges |
Autobahn • Autopista • Autoroute • Autostrada • Auto-estrada • Freeway • Lebuhraya • Motorway |
| High-speed other types of access |
2+1 road • Divided highway • Expressway • Farm to Market Road • Highway • Parkway • Super two |
| Low speed | Arterial road • Boulevard • Frontage road • Road • Street |
| Low speed low traffic | Alley • Cul-de-sac • Driveway • Lane |
| Other | Dual carriageway • Interchange • Range road • Roundabout • Toll road |
| Surface types | Asphalt concrete • Brick • Cobblestone • Concrete • Corduroy road • Dirt road • Gravel road • Ice road • Macadam • Oiled road • Plank road • Tarmac • Winter road |
[edit] External links
[edit] References
- ^ Highway Designation File: FARM TO MARKET ROAD NO. 544
- ^ Highway Designation File: URBAN ROAD NO. 544
- ^ Iowa Code 2003: Section 306.3. Retrieved March 28, 2006
- ^ Iowa Code 2001: Section 312.5. Retrieved March 28, 2006.
