Flat panel display
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Flat panel displays encompass a growing number of technologies enabling video displays that are lighter and much thinner than traditional television and video displays that use cathode ray tubes, and are usually less than 4 inches (100 mm) thick. These include:
Flat panel displays requiring continuous refresh:
- DLP (Digital Light Processing)
- Plasma displays
- Liquid crystal displays (LCDs)
- Organic light-emitting diode displays (OLEDs)
- Light-emitting diode display (LED)
- Electroluminescent displays (ELDs)
- Surface-conduction electron-emitter displays (SEDs)
- Field emission displays (FEDs)
- Nano-emissive display (NEDs)
Only the first five of these displays are commercially available today, though OLED displays are beginning deployment only in small sizes (mainly in cellular telephones). SEDs are promised for release in 2006, while the FEDs and NEDs are (as of November 2005) in the prototype stage.
Bistable flat panel displays (or electronic paper):
- electrophoretic displays (e.g. E Ink's electrophoretic imaging film)
- bichromal ball displays (e.g. Xerox's Gyricon)
- Interferometric Modulator displays (e.g. Qualcomm's iMod, a MEMS display.)
- Cholesteric displays (e.g. MagInk, Kent Displays)
- Bistable nematic liquid crystal displays (e.g. ZBD)
Bistable flat panel displays are beginning deployment in limited applications (Cholesteric displays, manufactured by Magink, in outdoor advertising; electrophoretic displays in e-book products from Sony and iRex; and bistable liquid crystal displays from ZBD in store shelf labels).
Flat panel displays balance their smaller footprint and trendy modern look with high costs and in many cases inferior images compared with traditional CRTs. In many applications, specifically modern portable devices such as laptops, cellular phones, and digital cameras, whatever disadvantages are overcome by the portability requirements.
