Flathead Lake
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Flathead Lake, Montana | |
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| Coordinates | |
| Lake type | Moraine dammed lake |
| Primary sources | Flathead River Swan River |
| Primary outflows | Flathead River |
| Catchment area | 8,587 mi² (13,819 km²) |
| Basin countries | USA |
| Max length | 27.3 mi (43.9 km) |
| Max width | 15.5 mi (24.9 km) |
| Surface area | 191.5 mi² (495.9 km²) |
| Average depth | 164.7 ft (50.2 meters) |
| Max depth | 370.7 ft (113.0 meters) |
| Water volume | 5.56 mi³ (23.2 km³) |
| Shore length1 | 161.4 mi (259.7 km) |
| Surface elevation | 2,894 ft (882 m) |
| 1 Shore length is an imprecise measure which may not be standardized for this article. | |
Flathead Lake is the largest lake in the western part of the coterminous United States and the largest lake in the state of Montana. The lake is one of the cleanest of its size and type in the world. [1][2] While the Great Salt Lake is larger than Flathead Lake, the former is a natural salt lake or inland sea while Flathead Lake is a true freshwater lake.
Located in the northwest corner of the state, 7 miles (11 km) south of Kalispell, it is approximately 30 miles (50 km) long, 16 miles (25 km) wide, and covers 191.5 square miles (495.9 km²). Flathead Lake is 30 miles (48 km) southwest of Glacier National Park. Two scenic highways parallel the lake. On the west side, US Highway 93, and Route 35 on the east wind along the curving shorelines.
The Flathead valley has a remarkably mild climate for a region located so close to Canada. Formed by the glacial damming of the Flathead River, the lake is bordered on its eastern shore by the Mission Mountains and on the west by the Salish Mountains.
Once known as Salish Lake, the lake takes its name from the Salish (Flathead) Indians who live on the Flathead Indian Reservation located at the southern end of the lake. Kerr Dam, near Polson, regulates the lake's water level and provides hydroelectric power and water for irrigation. The lake has an irregular shoreline and several small islands, the largest of which is Wild Horse Island, a state park. The islands cover 5.5 square miles (14.2 square kilometers). Besides the Flathead River, the Swan River is the lake's other major tributary. The lake is inhabited by native bull trout and cutthroat trout, as well as non-native lake trout, yellow perch and lake whitefish.
[edit] Geology
Flathead Lake lies at the end of a geological feature called the Rocky Mountain Trench. The trench, which formed with the Rocky Mountains roughly 60 million years ago, extends north into the southern Yukon as a straight, steep valley, which is also holds the headwaters of the Columbia River. During the last ice age this trench was filled by an enormous glacier. As the glacier moved southward it carved out the trench, present day Polson, Montana. Polson, Montana marks the southernmost extent of the glacier during the last ice age. Polson is the site of the glacier's terminal moraine.
The large size of the Polson Moraine indicates that the glacier stalled here for several years before retreating. As the climate warmed, a portion of the glacier in the Mission Valley receded more slowly than the main body, which kept the lake basin from being filled with sediment. Eventually this ice also melted, forming a lake behind the moraine. Once the water reached the top of this moraine dam, it began to cut a channel through it. Most moraine dammed lakes drain quickly because water cuts entirely through the moraine. However, Flathead Lake remains because a bedrock hill buried underneath the Polson Moraine prevented the moraine from being completely cut through so the meltwater never completely drained.
[edit] References
- Alt, David. "The Making of Flathead Lake" in Profiles of Montana Geology: A layman's guide to the Treasure State. Butte, MT: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology, 1984
- Flathead Lake Biological Station. "About Flathead Lake." Available at http://www.umt.edu/flbs/aboutflbs/flatheadlake.htm
- Flathead Lakers
- Montana Watersheds - Flathead Basin
