Fort Clatsop
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Fort Clatsop was the encampment of the Lewis and Clark Expedition in the Oregon Country near the mouth of the Columbia River during the winter of 1805-1806. Located along the Lewis and Clark River at the north end of the Clatsop Plains approximately 5 mi (8 km) southwest of Astoria, Oregon, the fort was the last encampment of the Corps of Discovery before embarking on their return trip east to St. Louis. The site is now protected as part of Lewis and Clark National and State Historical Parks. The reconstructed fort was severely damaged by fire in 2005, and was rebuilt with a dedication ceremony that took place on December 9 2006.
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[edit] History
The fort was named after the local Clatsop tribe of Native Americans. The Corps of Discovery moved into the fort on December 25, 1805. The original stockade was a small cramped wooden structure, more of a barracks than a defensible structure. By their own accounts, the Corps members were largely miserable during the damp cold winter on the Pacific Coast. Whereas the previous winter on the Great Plains they spent a great amount of time interacting with the local Native Americans, at Fort Clatsop their interaction with the local Clatsop was not social and was limited mostly to small-scale trading. The fort was opened to trading only 24 days during the entire winter.
The expedition's journals do not give a precise layout of the fort, and the two floorplans drawn by Sergeant John Ordway and Captain William Clark differ. Clark's floorplan is the accepted version due to his rank and role in the construction work.
The area they had settled in was on the lands of the Clatsop tribe, one of the Lower Chinookan peoples. Prior to the expedition's arrival, the Clatsop had frequently traded with other European traders and explorers visiting the area by ship. Because of their prior experience with traders, the Clatsop were shrewd at valuing the expedition's "indian trinkets". Despite this, the tribe interacted frequently with the expedition, trading goods, services, and information.
The camp site was selected by Captain Lewis and construction took place over the month of December, with the expedition moving in by Christmas Day, 1805. They remained there until March 23, 1806, when they abandoned it for their return home.
The original fort decayed in the wet climate of the region but was reconstructed in 1955 from sketches in the journals of William Clark. The site is currently operated by the National Park Service.
[edit] 2005 fire
On the late evening of October 3, 2005, a fire destroyed the replica fort. Federal, state and community officials immediately pledged to rebuild it. A 9-1-1 operator's insistence that the fire was no more than fog over the nearby Lewis and Clark River delayed firefighters’ arrival by about 15 minutes, possibly impacting their ability to save part of the structure. Investigators found no evidence of arson. The fire started in one of the enlisted men’s quarters, known as the candle room, where earlier in the day there had been an open hearth fire burning.[1]
The replacement was completed in December 2006.[2] In spite of the tragedy, the fire renewed archaeological interest in the site, as excavations had not been possible while the replica was standing. Additionally, the new replica was built utilizing information on the original fort that was not available for the 1955 replica. The rebuilt replica also features a fire detection system.[3]
[edit] References
- ^ Bennett, Tom. "Dispatcher to 9-1-1 caller: It’s just fog", October 12, 2005. Retrieved on February 9, 2007.
- ^ NPS: Fort Clatsop Replica Rebuild, National Parks Service
- ^ Bennett, Tom. "Fort Clatsop rises from the ashes", December 11, 2006. Retrieved on March 2, 2007.
[edit] External links
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Early History of Oregon (1500-1806) |
|---|---|
| Topics |
Fur trade · Lady Washington · Columbia Rediviva · Age of Discovery |
| Events |
Lewis and Clark Expedition · Entering of the Columbia River by Robert Gray |
| Places |
Fort Clatsop · Columbia River · Celilo Falls |
| People |
William Clark · Meriwether Lewis · Sir Francis Drake · William Robert Broughton · Sacagawea · Captain James Cook · Toussaint Charbonneau · George Vancouver · Robert Gray |
| Oregon History |
Native Peoples History · History to 1806 · Pioneer History · Modern History |
