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ROC Administrative and Claims

The Republic of China (ROC) is the oldest surviving republic in East Asia having been established in Nanjing in 1912 after the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1912) which ended 400 years of monarchy. The challenges of stabilizing and modernizing the Chinese nation were hampered by domestic warlordism and foreign imperialism from the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Germany, Italy, Soviet Russia and the Empire of Japan. The Second Sino-Japanese War, World War II and the Chinese Civil War further weakened the nation and ultimately the Kuomintang party retreated to the island of Taiwan (Formosa) in 1949 with the communists seizing the entire mainland and proclaiming the People's Republic of China (PRC). The ROC established Taipei as its provisional capital with the eventual goal of recovering the mainland. However it has been unable to accomplish this goal and has been administering the island groups of Taiwan, the Pescadores (Penghu), Kinmen (Quemoy) and Matsu since 1949. Its claim to being the sole legitimate government of China has gradually lost clout when it lost its seat at the United Nations in 1971 to the PRC. Since the 1970s many nations began switching diplomatic recognition of China from Taipei to Beijing following in the lead of the ROC's major ally, the United States. Since the 1990s, there has a been a gradual shift towards referring to the ROC as "Taiwan" due to the PRC's One-China policy of diplomatically isolating the ROC from the international community. Also, the Taiwan independence movement on the island has raised a political status issue. The PRC claims Taiwan as its 23rd province that must be reunited with the PRC and threatens military invasion should the island declare independence.

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The Three Principles of the People (三民主義), or collectively known as the San-min Doctrine, is a political philosophy developed by Sun Yat-sen as part of a program to make China a free, prosperous, and powerful nation. Its legacy of implementation is most apparent in the governmental organization of the Republic of China, which administers Taiwan, Penghu, Quemoy, and Matsu Islands. The principles also appear in the first line of the National Anthem of the Republic of China. Portal:Free Area of the Republic of China/box-footer

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Chiang Kai-shek, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill at the Cairo Conference in 1943 during World War II. Portal:Free Area of the Republic of China/box-footer

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... that the Republic of China once ruled all of mainland China, but presently only rules the island group of Taiwan, Matsu Islands, Kinmen, the Pescadores, and several islets in the South China Sea?

... that the Plum Blossom (pictured) is the national flower of the Republic of China on Taiwan and is featured prominently on the currency of the Republic of China and other national emblems?

... that the National Space Organization (NSPO) was set up by the Executive Yuan in October 1991 with 15-year stage plans and the objective to develop the ROC's competitiveness in the future international space market?

... that the Central News Agency was founded in Guangzhou in 1924 before being transplanted to Taipei in 1949 and that it is the official news agency of the Republic of China?

... that the newly completed 12.9 km Hsuehshan Tunnel is the longest road tunnel in East Asia and the fifth longest in the world?

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• March 14, 2007 (W): The ROC Ministry of National Defense spokesman Wu Chi-fang (吳季方) denies reports in the Defense News that it plans to produce 500 Hsiung Feng IIE anti-ship missiles [1].

• March 14, 2007 (W): Protesters in Kaohsiung clash with police and soldiers who begin work to dismantle the largest seated bronze statue of Chiang Kai-shek from the Chiang Kai Shek Cultural Center [2].

• March 6, 2007 (Tu): Vice President Annette Lu announces in Taipei her bid to run for President in the 2008 presidential elections [3].

• March 6, 2007 (Tu): The United Daily News cites an unnamed military source that the ROC military successfully tested the Hsiung Feng IIE anti-ship missile last month. The missile has a range of 1,000 km capable of reaching both Shanghai and Hong Kong, the two top financial centers of the PRC.[4].

• March 5, 2007 (M): Speaking at the 25th anniversary of the Formosan Association for Public Affairs, President Chen Shui-bian gives a speech on Four Wants and One No (四要一沒有) [5], [6], [7].

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• China
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