Marine royale suédoise

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The Swedish Naval Ensign

Image:Swedish Navy.svg

Coat of arms of the Swedish Navy

La Marine royale suédoise (suédois: Marinen) est la marine de l'Armée suédoise. It consists of surface and submarine naval units – the Fleet (Flottan) – as well as marine units, the so-called Amphibious Corps (Amfibiekåren).

En suédois, les navires de la Marine royale suédoise ont donné le préfixe "HMS," abréviation de Hans/Hennes Majestäts Skepp (le Navire de Sa Majesté).

[modifier] Histoire

Le 7 juin 1522, merely a year after the separation of Sweden from the Union de Kalmar, King Gustav Ier purchased a number of ships from the hanseatic town of Lübeck which is seen as the birth of the Navy. Le Vasa était un navire du XVII^e siècle de la marine suédoise, alors connue sous le nom de Marine Royale Suédoise (Kungliga flottan).

Le Corps Amphibie Corps remonte au 1er janvier 1902, when a separate "Coastal Artillery" (Kustartilleriet) was established, and Marinen came into use as the name of the service as a whole. The last decade of the XX^e siècle saw the abandonment of the coastal fortifications and the force became a more regular marine corps, renamed Svenska amfibiekåren (the Swedish Amphibious Corps) en 2000.

[modifier] Organisation

Until recently, the Navy was led by the Chief of the Navy (Chefen för Marinen, CM), who was typically a vice-amiral. This office has been abolished, and the highest officer of the Navy is now the Naval Inspector (Marininspektören), Rear Admiral Anders Grenstad.

The Amphibious Corps uses the same system of rank as the Army. L'actuel Commandant en chef, le général Håkan Syrén, was taken from this service.

[modifier] Unités navales

Le sous-marin HMS Gotland

1st Submarine flotilla (1. ubflj) à Karlskrona
3rd Naval Warfare Flotilla (3. sjöstridsflj) à Karlskrona
4th Naval Warfare Flotilla (4. sjöstridsflj) à Muskö

[modifier] Unités amphibies

1er Régiment amphibie (Amf 1) à Berga

[modifier] Bases

Base navale (MarinB) à Karlskrona avec des sites à Muskö, Berga et Härnösand.

[modifier] Équipement

Contrairement à la majorité des autres marines importantes, après la seconde guerre mondiale l'objectif de la marine royale suédoise devint la défense de ses côtes et n'est pas sensée envoyer ses forces dans d'autres pays. Il manque donc de nombreux navires vitaux pour une guerre loin des frontières comme des porte-avions, des croiseurs, des sous-marins nucléaires et des destroyers. Les vaisseaux de combats les plus importants sont des corvettes. Ceci limite la résistance de la marine, mais l'utilisation de plus petits bateaux à courte portée était plus adaptée aux missions le long de la côte, dans l'archipel et en mer Baltique.

Surface warships in the Swedish navy are named after Swedish cities, while the submarines are named after Swedish provinces and the minehunters are named after Swedish islands. The surface ships are mostly small, relying on agility and flexibility. Examples of these are the Stockholm and Göteborg class corvettes. The Navy is currently taking into service a new, larger, class of stealth corvettes, la classe Visby. Also, a new sous-marin class, Gotland, similar to the older Västergötland, has recently been commissioned. Its [[air-independent propulsion|air independent Stirling engine enables submerged endurance never before seen in conventional submarines. The Gotland is presently on lease with crew and all to the US navy and is based in San Diego.

The Amphibious Corps is built around the Stridsbåt 90H, a small combat boat capable of carrying 21 soldiers for fast transports and landings in the archipelago. It is also equipped with larger transport boats, but relies on the army, navy and air force for heavy transports and protection.

[modifier] Vaisseaux de surface

Corvettes
- 5 classe Visby (corvette)
  - HMS Visby (K31)
  - HMS Helsingborg (K32)
  - HMS Härnösand (K33)
  - HMS Nyköping (K34)
  - HMS Karlstad (K35) (en construction)
- 4 Göteborg class
  - HMS Göteborg (K21)
  - HMS Gävle (K22)
  - HMS Kalmar (K23)
  - HMS Sundsvall (K24)
- 2 Stockholm class
  - HMS Stockholm (K11)
  - HMS Malmö (K12)

Combat Boats
- 187 Stridsbåt 90

Mine Counter-Measure Vessels
- 7 classe Landsort
- 4 classe Styrsö
- HMS Carlskrona (M04)

[modifier] Sous-marins

Sous-marins
- 3 classe Gotland
- 2 classe Södermanland

[modifier] Auxiliary Vessels

Landing craft
- ~100 G class landing craft
Auxiliary vessels
- 1 Älvsborg-class support vessel
- 1 Trossö-class support vessel
- HMS Arkösund
- HMS Furusund
- HMS Fårösund
- HMS Grundsund
- HMS Belos (submarine salvage vessel)
- HMS Urd
- HMS Ägir
- 12 Tapper-class patrol boats
2 Torpedo salvage vessels
- HMS Pelikanen
- HMS Pingvinen
Transport ships
- HMS Sleipner
SIGINT vessels
- HMS Orion

[modifier] Navires école

Schooners
- HMS Falken
- HMS Gladan

Ships for navigation education
- HMS M21
- HMS M22
- HMS Viksten

[modifier] Stratégie

For many years the Swedish Navy was built around a single task, to stop a full-scale invasion over the Baltic Sea, preferably by creating massive losses before the enemy could reach the shore. Today the navy is changing rapidly. With the collapse of the Soviet Union the only viable threat in the local area disappeared. The army and air force have a strong presence in UN missions. The Swedish Navy has four rapidly deployable units on 30 days standby but has not yet participated in any mission. These are a corvette squadron (two Göteborg class) with a support ship, a minecountermeasures squadron (two Landsort class) with a support ship, one submarine, and a forward naval support element. In the near future there will also be an amphibous unit on 30 days standby.