Geomun-do

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Port Hamilton can also refer to a former port in Fountainbridge, Edinburgh, Scotland, in the United Kingdom or the former name of East Hamilton, Texas in the United States.

Geomun-do, also known as Port Hamilton in English (Korean Hangul: 거문도 [Komundo or Geomun-do], Hanja: 巨文島 or 巨門島) is a small group of islands in the Jeju Strait off the southern coast of Korea, located approximately at 34°1′35″N, 127°18′45″E. There are three principal islands, the two larger ones, Seo-do (서도, 西島) and Dong-do (동도, 東島) forming a harbor with the smaller island in the centre. It was this central island, Go-do (고도, 古島), which was the location of the British naval base from 1885 to 1887.

Today, the islands form a part of Samsan District, Yeosu City, South Jeolla Province, with the Samsan District offices located on Observation Island. The islands are also part of the Dadohae Haesang National Park.

[edit] History

Geomun-do first came to the attention of Western imperial powers in the mid-19th century when, in 1845, British naval officer Edward Belcher surveyed the area in the HMS Samarang and first applied the name of Port Hamilton.

The strategic importance of Geomun-do, being a natural harbour that allowed control of the Korea Strait between Korea and Japan, was recognised by the United States Navy, who considered seizing the islands in 1884.

In April 1885, Geomun-do was seized by three ships of the British Royal Navy on orders from the Admiralty. This was to forestall Russian advances in the face of the Panjdeh Incident in Afghanistan. Geomun-do served as a counterbalance to the Russian naval base at Vladivostok. By occupying Geomun-do, the British could prevent Russian advances in east Asia, and block Russian naval activity in the Korea Strait. The British built a few buildings and defensive works and introduced pheasants to the islands. After the Russian threat had diminished the British demolished the base and left on 27 February 1887. Nine British sailors and marines were left buried at Geomun-do.

Geomun-do accrued to Japan upon its annexation of Korea in 1910 and were transferred to South Korea in 1945. In 1951, Japanese claims to the islands were specifically renounced in the Treaty of San Francisco.