GM Family II engine
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The Family II is a straight-4 piston engine that was originally developed by Opel in late 1970s for use in the Opel Ascona B and Opel Kadett D. Over time, the engine block has evolved to include many modern features such as DOHC and fuel injection. Many General Motors subsidiaries, including Holden, GM do Brasil and recently GM Powertrain have adopted this design. It is also starting to be used in hot rods as an engine swap.
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[edit] 20XE, 20XEJ, C20XE
The older, naturally-aspirated 16-valve version of the 2.0 L(1998 cc) cast iron block engine is the successor to the OHC-engines and a predecessor to the 16-valve Ecotec-line of engines. OHC-derived block with 86 mm bore & stroke and a Cosworth-developed DOHC cylinder head (Cosworth Project KB). Cylinder heads were manufactured by Cosworth and Kolbenschmidt. In general, the heads from this engine family are supposed to flow appreciablу better than most Ecotec heads. Power output is rated at 110 kW (150 hp) @ 6000 rpm and 196 N·m @ 4600 rpm (C20XE) or 156 hp (20XE). Russian car manufacturer AutoVAZ also used the C20XE in a limited-edition sports version of its Lada 110 model.
This engine is used in:
- Opel Kadett GSi
- Opel Vectra 2000
- Opel Vectra GT 16V
- Opel Calibra 16V
- Opel Astra GSi
- Opel Astra Irmscher caravan
- Lada 110
[edit] X20XEV
The first engine Opel branded as Ecotec, a mass-market successor to the C20XE with a Lotus-developed cylinder head. The new cylinder head had a smaller valve angel compared to the older C20XE, which was supposed to give more torque in the lower revs. It is a 1998 cc naturally aspirated engine with 16 valves and belt driven double overhead camshafts (DOHC). 86 mm bore and stroke in cast iron OHC-derived cylinder block and aluminium cylinder head. X20XEV was equipped with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to reduce nitrous oxide emissions and air injection reactor (AIR) to speed up the warming up of the catalytic converter and to reduce unburnt hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. Power 100 kW / 136 hp.
This engine was used in:
- Opel Calibra 94-
- Opel Vectra 94-
- Opel Astra 94-
- Opel Omega 94-
[edit] Ecotec
The Ecotec name was adopted in 2000 for the new generation of Family II engines. The name was already used for the Opel Family 1 and Family 0 ranges. GM intends this new Ecotec to become its global 4-cylinder.
The Ecotec Family II is a modern chain-driven DOHC 4-valve design with an aluminum block and head (L850), designed for displacements from 1.8 to 2.4 L. It was developed by an international team of engineers and technicians from Opel's International Technical Development Center in Rüsselsheim, Germany, GM Powertrain in Pontiac, Michigan, and Saab in Trollhättan, Sweden. Much of the development work on this project was carried out by Lotus Engineering, Hethel, United Kingdom. The engine uses aluminum pistons and cast iron cylinder liners. Vibration is reduced with twin balance shafts.
The current Ecotec line is manufactured in Tonawanda, New York, Kaiserslautern, Germany, and (for Saturn) in Spring Hill, Tennessee.
[edit] Turbo
Opel/Vauxhall offers a turbocharged version of the 2.0 L(1998 cc) Ecotec (the Z20LET) in a cast iron block; it features 86 mm (3.39 in) bore and stroke, 9.5:1 compression, 175 hp (129 kW) and 195 ft·lbf (265 N·m) of torque.
This engine is used in:
[edit] LNF
Pontiac will offer a Gasoline direct injection version (redubbed Spark Ignition Direct Injection) for use in the 2007 Solstice GXP. Displacement is 2.0 L (1998 cc) with an 86 mm (3.38 in) bore and stroke. Compression is 9.2:1, delivering 260 hp (194 kW) and 260 ft·lbf (353 N·m) of torque. The "Gen II" block is similar to the 2.4 L and also features VVT technology.
Unique LNF features[1] include:
- a twin-scroll turbocharger
- Gasoline direct injection
- Variable valve timing on both intake and exhaust
- Sodium-filled valves
- Oil-cooled low-friction cast pistons
This engine is used in:
- 2007 Opel GT
- 2007 Solstice GXP
- 2007 Saturn Sky Red Line
[edit] DI
A high-end direct injection version of the 2.2 L Ecotec is available for:
[edit] L61
The basic Family II architecture was substantially reengineered in 2000, becoming the Ecotec 2.2, model L61 (or L42 for the CNG version). First appearing in the 2000 Saturn LS1, the L61 spread throughout North American GM products, displacing the Quad 4 and its descendents.
Unlike its notably harsh predecessor, the L61 was designed for smoothness. dual in-block balance shafts were integral to the design, and all accessories were mounted directly to the engine block to reduce vibration. The oil filter was cast into the block with a removable cover and replaceable paper element.
Displacement is 2.2 l (2189 cc) with an 86 mm (3.38 in) bore and 94.6 mm (3.72 in) stroke. Compression is 9.5:1 or 10:1, delivering 135 hp to 143 hp (101 kW to 107 kW) and 142 ft·lbf to 152 ft·lbf (193 N·m to 206 N·m) of torque. The Ecotec line is manufactured in Tonawanda, New York, Kaiserslautern, Germany, and (for Saturn) in Spring Hill, Tennessee. The L61-powered Saturn ION replaced the Saturn-powered Saturn S-Series.
There are a few variations to the standard L61. The new Chevrolet Malibu uses a version with electronic throttle control and a special unitized exhaust manifold and catalytic converter. The 2003 Saturn L-Series has a high output version with higher (10:1) compression and hotter camshaft. The Malibu and Saturn versions also use returnless fuel injection. There is also a stroked out version of the original 2.2L (the LE5 2.4L) that increases to 170 hp and 170 foot/pounds of torque, in the (2006) Saturn Ion 3.
The 2.2 L Ecotec is used in the following cars:
- 2000-2002 Saturn L-Series
- 2001-2005 Vauxhall VX220/Opel Speedster
- 2002- Saturn VUE
- 2002-2004 Chevrolet Cavalier
- 2002-2004 Oldsmobile Alero
- 2002-2005 Pontiac Sunfire
- 2003-2005 Saturn L-Series (high output)
- 2003- Saturn ION
- 2004 Chevrolet Classic
- 2004- Chevrolet Malibu
- 2005- Chevrolet Cobalt (145 hp/155 ft·lbf)
- Pontiac Grand Am
- Opel Astra/Vauxhall/Holden Astra
- Opel Vectra/Vauxhall/Holden Vectra
- Opel Zafira/Vauxhall/Holden Zafira/Subaru Traviq
Following the GM-Fiat agreement, the 2.2 L engine is also used in
[edit] L42
The Ecotec 2.2, model L42 is the CNG version of the Ecotec 2.2. It delivers 129 hp (96 kW) and 129 ft·lbf (175 N·m).
[edit] LSJ
The LSJ is a de-stroked (to 86 mm) version of the L61 Ecotec with an Eaton M62 Roots-type supercharger and air-to-liquid intercooler. It is rated at 205 hp and 200 ft·lbf.
The LSJ was on the Ward's 10 Best Engines list for 2006.
This engine is used in:
- 2004-2007 Saturn ION Red Line
- 2005-2007 Chevrolet Cobalt SS Supercharged Coupe
[edit] LE5
The LE5 is a larger 2.4 L (2384 cc) version of the Ecotec. Both the 88 mm bore and 98 mm stroke are larger, and Variable Valve Timing on the intake and exhaust improve low-end torque. Power is 170 hp (127 kW) and torque is 170 ft·lbf (230 N·m). The engine uses a reinforced "Gen II" block.
The LE5 is/will be used in:
- 2006 Chevrolet Cobalt
- 2006 Pontiac Solstice
- 2006 Saturn Sky
- 2006 Saturn ION
- 2006-2007 Pontiac G6
- 2006 Pontiac Pursuit
- 2006 Chevrolet HHR
- 2007 Saturn Aura Green Line Hybrid
- 2007 Saturn VUE Green Line Hybrid
- 2007 Pontiac G5
- 2008 Chevrolet Malibu
The LE5 is also used in the following overseas models:
- 2006 GM Taiwan Buick LaCrosse
- 2006 Shanghai GM Buick LaCrosse
[edit] D-TEC/E-TEC II
Holden makes various Family II engines for GM India and GM Daewoo at its Melbourne plant. Variations include displacements from 1.8 L. to 2.4 L.
Models:
- 1.8 L - Chevrolet Lacetti, Chevrolet Nubira, Chevrolet Rezzo
- 2.0 L - Chevrolet Optra, Chevrolet Evanda, Suzuki Reno, Suzuki Forenza
- C24SE, *2.4 L SOHC - Isuzu Rodeo
- 2.4 L DOHC - Chevrolet Captiva, Opel Antara
[edit] GM do Brazil
GM do Brazil specializes in SOHC, alcohol-powered and FlexPower (alcohol +petrol powered) engines.
In 2004 a 2.0L MultiPower engine was made available which could use alcohol + petrol and NGV aimed at the taxis market.
A 2.0L FlexPower engine is available for the current Chevrolet Astra and Vectra. The 2006 Chevrolet Vectra also received a 2.4L 16V FlexPower engine which was the first flex-fuel engine above 2.0L in the world.[1]
[edit] GM do Atoms
In late 2005 Brammo Motorsports struck a deal with GM for a Supercharged 2.0L Ecotec for their Ariel Atom. The engine came in various ratings from 205 to 300HP. Jay Leno received the very first Atom for commercial sale in the US by Brammo.
[edit] References
- Larry Webster. "Getting Rid of the H-Word". Car and Driver (May 2000): 93.
[edit] Notes
- ^ Big Power, Small Package. AutoWeek. Retrieved on April 4, 2006.
