Grimeton VLF transmitter

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**Varberg Radio Station**¹
**UNESCO World Heritage Site**

State Party	Sweden
Type	Cultural
Criteria	ii, iv
Identification	#1134
Region²	Europe and North America
Inscription History
Formal Inscription:	2004 28th WH Committee Session
WH link:	http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1134
1 Name as officially inscribed on the WH List 2 As classified officially by UNESCO

The Grimeton VLF transmitter is a VLF transmission facility near Grimeton close to Varberg in Sweden. It was built in 1923 and has the only workable machine transmitter in the world. For its radiating element it uses a wire aerial hung on six 127-metre high freestanding steel towers looking like gigantic pylons. These towers are grounded.

The VLF transmitter Grimeton was used until the fifties for transatlantic radio telegraphy to Radio Central in Long Island, USA. After the fifties it was used until 1996 for transmitting orders to submarines. In 1968 therefore a second transmitter was installed. This transmitter uses transistor and tube technology unlike the machine transmitter, which works on 17.2 kHz, designed for frequencies around 40 kHz, but using the same aerial. In 1996 the machine transmitter became obsolete and went out of service. Because it is in good condition it was declared a national monument. On special occasions such as Alexanderson Day it is used for transmitting Morse messages on 17.2 kHz. Its signal for identification is SAQ (... .- --.- )

The machine transmitter can be visited in the summertime. It is a great attraction especially on Alexanderson Day.

The transmitter from the 1960s is still used by the Swedish Navy. Since it uses the same aerial as the machine transmitter a simultaneous operation of both transmitters, which would require expensive frequency filters, is not possible. So these special transmissions are very rare. The Grimeton VLF transmitter is not only used for VLF transmission. It is also used for shortwave transmissions and for FM and TV broadcasting. Therefore a 260 metre high guyed steel framework mast was built in 1966 next to the building containing the transmitter for 40 kHz.

On July 2, 2004 the Grimeton VLF transmitter was declared a World Cultural Heritage site by UNESCO.