Guria
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| Guria Region გურიის მხარე Guriis Mkhare |
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| Map highlighting the modern political subdivision | |
| Capital | Ozurgeti |
| Region ISO 3166 code | GE-GU |
| Districts | 3 |
| Area | 2,033 km² |
| Population | 143,000 (2002) |
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| Map highlighting the historical region of Guria in Georgia | |
Guria (Georgian: გურია) is a region in Georgia, in the western part of the country, bordered by the eastern end of the Black Sea.
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[edit] Geography
Guria is bordered by Samegrelo to the north-west, Imereti to the north, Samtskhe-Javakheti to the east, Ajaria to the south, and the Black Sea to the west. The province has an area of 2,003 km².
Guria consists of 3 administrative districts:
[edit] History
The province had been under the rule of western Georgian rulers until the creation of the unified Georgian “Kingdom of Abkhazians and Georgians” towards the end of 10th century AD. Guria then was a province (saeristavo) governed by eristavi (duke). Following the disintegration of the Kingdom of Georgia in 1466, Guria turned into an independent principality (samtavro) under the noble family of Gurieli, nominal vassals of Imeretian kings. Attacked by the Ottomans at the turn of the 16th century, Guria lost Adjaria and became a tributary of the Sultan. In permanent disputes with neighbouring Georgian rulers, two princes of the Gurieli family Giorgi III Gurieli (r. 1664-1684) and Mamia III Gurieli (r. 1689-1714) were too successful to become king of Imereti in the late 17th century. Throughout the 18th century, Gurian princes were involved in anti-Ottoman liberation wars of the western Georgians. As a result, Guria lost the whole Adjaria and Lower Guria, part of which was forcibly Islamized. Prince Mamia V Gurieli accepted Russian sovereignty on 19 June 1810. Russian domination resulted in the 1819-1820 uprising. In 1828, the Tsarist government abolished the principality and annexed it to Kutais Gubernia in 1840. The 1841 uprising against the Russian rule was brutally suppressed. The former principality of Guria formed Ozurgeti mazra within the independent Democratic Republic of Georgia (DRG) in 1918-1921 and was divided into three districts under the Soviet rule. The region (mkhare) of Guria was created in 1995.
The Orthodox churches of Likhauri and Shemokmedi are the main historical buildings in the province.
[edit] Origin of the name
As for the etymology of the name of Guria, some say that the root of the word refers to restlessness and the word should mean “the land of the restless” and may be associated with the 8th-9th centuries events when “Leon became the King of Abkhazeti, Guruls refused to obey the ruler of Odzrakho, ceased their vassal relations with Adarnase and Ashot Bagrationi and united with Leon” as it was described in Vakhushti Bagrationi’s historical works of the 18th century.
According to the later explanation, in the times of Georgia’s prosperity, when its borders stretched from “Nikopsia to Daruband”, Guria was situated in the heart of the Georgian territory. The linguistic evidence for the above hypothesis is the Megrelian for “heart” – “guri”.
[edit] Economy
Subtropic farming and tourism is a mainstay of the region’s economy. Water is one of the Guria’s main assets. The province is famous for the mineral water of Nabeglavi, which is similar to Borjomi in its chemical composition and the Black Sea health resort of Ureki rich in magnetic sand. Guria is also one of the largest tea growing regions in Georgia. [2].
[edit] Population
Gurians (Guruls) are ethnic Georgians who speak a local dialect of Georgian language.
[edit] Famous people from Guria
- Gabriel Kikodze, the Bishop of Imereti (19th century)
- Ekvtime Takaishvili (1862-1952), outstanding historian
- Kalistrate, the Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia in 1932-1952
- Noe Zhordania, Prime-Minister of the Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1918-1921
- Pavle Ingorokva (1893-1990), historian, philologist, and public benefactor
- Eduard Shevardnadze, Georgia’s former president
- Nodar Dumbadze,Georgia’s great comedian
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Subdivisions of Georgia |  |
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| Autonomous Republics: Abkhazia1 | Adjara | ||
| Regions: Guria | Imereti | Kakheti | Kvemo Kartli | Mtskheta-Mtianeti | Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti | Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti Samtskhe-Javakheti | Shida Kartli2 |
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| City with special status: Tbilisi3
Notes: (1) A self-proclaimed republic which is de jure part of Georgia; (2) Officially includes also the self-proclaimed Republic of South Ossetia; (3) Capital of Georgia |
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