Hauran

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Hauran, also Hawran or Houran, (Arabic: حوران‎, transliteration: Ḥaurān) is the southern region of modern-day Syria. It is mentioned in the Bible (Ezekiel 47:16-18) describing the boundary of the Israelite Kingdom, and gets its name from the Hebrew חורן Hawran, meaning "hollow land". The Romans referred to it as Auranitis. The volcanic region is one of the most fertile in Syria, particularly famous for its vineyards. Unlike other fertile areas of Syria, such as the Orontes Valley and the Euphrates regions, which rely on major rivers for their productivity and employ irrigated farming methods, the Hauran has very few rivers. Instead, the region relies on the rains of winter and spring and many of the sites contain cisterns and water storage facilities to take advantage of this rainfall.

The Hauran is not an official region; it consists of the Syrian governorates of Quneitra, As Suwayda, and Daraa. However, the name is used colloquially by the inhabitants of the region (Hauranis) and other Syrians to refer to it. Its boundaries more or less start with Mt. Hermon (although that land is currently disputed, see Golan Heights) in the north and end with the Jordanian border in the south. The Hauran marked the traditional border of Roman Syria, as evidenced by the well-preserved Roman ruins in the cities of Bosra and Shahba.

1 History
2 Phonetics of Haurani dialect
3 Architecture
4 Main cities
5 Villages
6 Important personalities
7 External links

[edit] History

In 636 CE (AD) the Battle of Yarmouk (named after River Yarmouk) took place between Byzantium and the advancing Muslim armies.
In 1516 CE (AD) the Ottoman armies swept through Bilad al-Sham. On August 24, 1516 CE (AD) the Mamluke armies were defeated in Marj Dabeg, near Halab (Aleppo) and the Ottoman Sultan, Saleem the First entered Aleppo city on August 28, 1516 CE. Damascus fell on September 27, 1516 and then Houran followed. It remained under Ottoman control until their defeat in World War I (1914-1918).

Hauranis in modern and traditional dress

Swiss traveller Johann Ludwig Burckhardt noted his observation of people from the region: "My companions intending to leave Damascus very early the next morning, I quitted my lodgings in the evening, and went with them to sleep in a small Khan in the suburb of Damascus, at which the Haouaerne, or people of Haouran, generally alight." (in Travels in Syria and the Holy Land: Journal of an Excursion into the Haouran in the Autumn and Winter of 1810)