Henry George Fourcade

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Henry George Fourcade (July 8, 1865, Bordeaux, France - January 19, 1948, Witte Els Bosch, South Africa) also known as George Henri Fourcade, was a surveyor, forester, pioneer of photogrammetry and as botanist, a major early collector of the Southern Cape Flora taxon.

1 Early life
2 Career
3 Publications
4 Honors
5 References and External Links

[edit] Early life

Henry George was born at 16, Rue de Treuils, Bordeaux, the son of Justin Jadé Fourcade and Marie Prat. He had one other sibling, his older sister Jeanne Marie. His father was a general storekeeper, who soon moved to Yokohama, Japan and became an importer of wines & liqueurs. The family lived at No. 10 on the Bund or waterfront. When he was twelve, he returned to France to finish his secondary school education, obtaining a school-leaving certificate just after turning fourteen, winning the first prize in ethics, as well as a prize in physics and chemistry. The next year he attended technikon and obtained good results in English, French, German, arithmetic, chemistry and commerce. In late 1880, Mrs. Fourcade, for reasons unknown, set sail for Table Bay, in the Cape Colony. She returned to France a year or two later, but her children remained in Cape Town. Henry George enrolled at the South African College, doing a course in the Theory of Land Surveying.

[edit] Career

Forestry
- Millwood
- Report on the Natal Forests
- Knysna

Surveying
- The Outeniqua - Zitzikamma - Long Kloof secondary triangulation
- Invention of the stereoscopic method of photographic surveying
- The Sandflats - Alexandria secondary triangulation
- The 1904 map of Devil's Peak, revisited in 1985

Farming at Ratel's Bosch
Private Land Surveying
The Zitzikamma Saw Mill
Witte Els Bosch

Botanizing
- The Bolus Herbarium
- Kew Gardens

Photogrammetry
- The Fourcade Correspondence theorem
- Patents & instruments
- MI4 and aerial reconnaissance

The Fourcade Bequest

Botanical species named by Fourcade:
- Acetosella vulgaris (Koch) Fourc.
- Acrolophia capensis (Berg.) Fourc.
- Agathosma puberula (Steud.) Fourc.
- Diascia patens (Thunb.) Grant ex Fourc.
- Heliophila cornigera Fourc.
- Hermannia lacera (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Fourc.
- Lachenalia haarlemensis Fourc.
- Lachnaea glomerata Fourc.
- Leucadendron ericifolium Fourc.
- Nemesia denticulata (Benth.) Grant ex Fourc.
- Panicum stapfianum Fourc.
- Paranomus reflexus (E. Phillips & Hutch.) Fourc.
- Peyrousea umbellata (Lf) Fourc.
- Pincushion Leucospermum cordifolium (Salisb. ex Knight) Fourc.
- Prismatocarpus virgatus Fourc.
- Protea eximia (Salisb. ex Knight) Fourc.
- Protea lorifolia (Salisb. ex Knight) Fourc.
- Pteronia teretifolia (Thunb.) Fourc.
- Senecio litorosus Fourc.
- Spiloxene trifurcillata (Nel) Fourc.

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[edit] Publications

(1889) Report on the Natal Forests. Natal Blue Book. W. Wilson, Pietermaritzburg.

"On the Repetition of Angles". Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society vii: 63-76.

"On a Stereoscopic Method of Photographic Surveying". Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society xiv: pt. 5, xxiii-xxxv (October 2, 1901).

"Notes on Professor Turner's recent Paper on Photographic Surveying". Monthly Notices, R.A.S. Observatory 1xii No. 5 (March 1902).

(unknown). Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society xiv xxxii (April 30, 1902).

"A Stereoscopic Method of Photographic Surveying". Nature 66 No. 1701, 139-141 (June 5, 1902).

"On a Stereoscopic Method for Photographic Surveying". Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society xiv (1903), with an abstract appearing in the British Association Report (1905).

"The Optical Transformation of Projections, and its application to mapping for Air Photographs". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa xxvii: 51-78 (1925).

"On some conditions for the correct vision of stereoscopic pictures". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa xxvii: 79-91 (1925).

"On Instruments & Methods for Stereoscopic Surveying". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa xiv: 93 (1926).

"A New Method of Aerial Surveying". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa xiv: pt. 1, 1 (1926). A missing step was provided in "A New Method of Aerial Surveying: Note on the Determination of the Verticals of a Plate Pair". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa xvii: 21-22 (1929).

"A New Method of Aerial Surveying. (Second Paper)". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa xvi: 1-11 (1928).

"The principal point and principal distance in photogrammetry". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa xvi: pt. 1, 3-22 (1928).

"A New Method of Aerial Surveying. (Third Paper)". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa xviii: 237-246 (1930).

"Contributions to the flora of the Knysna and neighbouring divisions". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa xxi: 75-102 (1932).

"The Rectification of Air Photographs". Empire Survey Review 3: 272-277 (1935/6).

"A projection method of mapping from air photographs". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa xxvii: 321-367 (1940).

(1941) Check-list of the Flowering Plants of the divisions of George, Knysna, Humansdorp, and Uniondale. Botanical Survey of South Africa, Memoir No. 20. Government Printer, Pretoria, 121 p.

"Some notes on the effects of the incidence of rain on the distribution of rainfall over the surface of unlevel ground". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa xxix: 235-254 (1942).

"Notes on Burchell's Catalogus Geographicus, Middle Portion", Jl. S.. Afr. Bot.: 145-161 (1944).

[edit] Honors

Honorary Doctor of Science, University of Cape Town, 1930.
Honorary Doctor of Science, University of South Africa, 1947.

Botanical species named after Fourcade:
- Acidanthera fourcadei L.Bolus (=Geissorhiza fourcadei (L.Bolus) G.J.Lewis)
- Acrostemon fourcadei Guthrie (=Simocheilus fourcadei (L.Guthrie) E.G.H.Oliv.)
- Amphithalea fourcadei Compton
- Antholyza fourcadei L.Bolus (=Homoglossum fourcadei (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.)
- Aridaria fourcadei L.Bolus (=Sphalmanthus fourcadei (L.Bolus) L.Bolus)
- Aspalathus fourcadei L.Bolus
- Babiana fourcadei G.J.Lewis
- Carpobrotus fourcadei L.Bolus
- Centella fourcadei Adamson
- Coelidium fourcadei Compton
- Corymbium fourcadei Hutchinson
- Cotyledon fourcadei Schönland ex Poelln.
- Dianthus basuticus Burtt Davy subsp. fourcadei Hooper
- Erica fourcadei L.Bolus
- Eugenia fourcadei Dummer
- Gladiolus fourcadei (L.Bolus) Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos
- Gnidia fourcadei Moss
- Helichrysum fourcadei Hilliard
- Hieracium fourcadei B.de Retz
- Mesembryanthemum fourcadei (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (=Drosanthemum fourcadei Schwantes)
- Oxalis fourcadei Salter
- Pelargonium fourcadei Knuth
- Phylica fourcadei Pillans
- Phylica debilis Eckl. & Zeph. var. fourcadei Pillans
- Restio fourcadei Pillans
- Ruschia fourcadei L.Bolus
- Sebaea fourcadei Marais
- Selago fourcadei Hilliard
- Sporobolus fourcadei Stent
- Struthiola fourcadei Compton
- Syzygium fourcadei Burtt Davy
- Tetraria fourcadei Turrill & Schönland
- Thoracosperma fourcadei Compton
- Trichodiadema fourcadei L.Bolus
- Watsonia fourcadei J.W.Mathews & L.Bolus

The Fourcade Museum at Witte Els Bosch

The Fourcade Trail near Jeffreys Bay

Mount Fourcade (latitude: 64° 36' S longtitude: 62° 30' W) on the West coast of Graham Land, Antarctica. UK-APC, 1960.

[edit] References and External Links

Hotine, Martin (1931). The Fourcade Stereogoniometer. Professional Papers of the Air Survey Committee - No. 7. H.M. Stationery Office, London, 159 p.

Thompson, E H (April 1954). "Thompson-Watts plotting machine". Photogrammetric Record 1 (3): 5–28.

Thompson, E H (October 1956). "A method of relative orientation in analytical aerial triagulation". Photogrammetric Record 2 (8): 145–158.

(unknown) (October 1956). "The President's medal 1955". Photogrammetric Record 2 (8): 151–153.

(unknown) (April 1958). "The President's medal". Photogrammetric Record 2 (11): 363–364.

Schwidefsky, K (1959). An outline of Photogrammetry. Pitman, London, 326 p.

Arthur, D W G (April 1961). "Lunar Cartography and Photogrammetry". Photogrammetric Record 3 (17): 408–443.

(unknown) (April 1961). "Impressions of the London Congress". Photogrammetric Record 3 (17): 431–439.

Amer, Fouad (April 1962). "Digital Block Adjustment". Photogrammetric Record 4 (19): 34–49.

Arthur, D W G (April 1962). "Model formation with narrow-angle photography". Photogrammetric Record 4 (19): 49–53.

Harley, I A (April 1963). "Some notes on stereocomparators". Photogrammetric Record 4 (21): 194–209.

Robinson, G S (October 1963). "The réseau as a means of detecting gross lack of flatness of film at the instant of exposure". Photogrammetric Record 4 (22): 283–286.

Thompson-Watts, E H (April 1964). "The Thompson-Watts plotter Model 2". Photogrammetric Record 4 (23): 337–366.

Thompson, E H (October 1965). "Review of methods of independent model aerial triangulation". Photogrammetric Record 5 (26): 72–79.

Atkinson, K B (October 1969). "Some recent developments in non-topographic Photogrammetry". Photogrammetric Record 6 (34): 357–378.

Wood, R (October 1970). "Analytical aerial triangulation with angular measurements". Photogrammetric Record 6 (36): 537–552.

Crone, D R (October 1973). "Experiences in photographic surveying". Photogrammetric Record 7 (42): 699–706.

Adams, Laurence P (April 1975). "Henry Georges Fourcade". Photogrammetric Record 8 (45): 287–296.

Brown, R LI (October 1975). "Sixty years of transition from manual to automatic operations". Photogrammetric Record 8 (46): 520–527.

Eden, J A (April 1976). "Some experiences of air survey in England between the two world wars". Photogrammetric Record 8 (47): 631–645.

(unknown) (October 1976). "In Memoriam E. H. Thompson". Photogrammetric Record 8 (48): 705–707.

(unknown) (October 1976). "Photogrammetry around the world". Photogrammetric Record 8 (48): 815–819.

Harley, I A (April 1977). "Teaching in Photogrammetry". Photogrammetric Record 9 (49): 25–39.

Atkinson, K B (October 1977). "A biographical tribute to Professor E. H. Thompson". Photogrammetric Record 9 (50): 193–211.

Petrie, G (October 1977). "A short history of British stereoplotting instrument design". Photogrammetric Record 9 (50): 213–238.

Atkinson, K B (April 1978). "Creators of odd volumes: Detached thoughts on the work of Wollaston, Wheatstone and Barr". Photogrammetric Record 9 (51): 343–359.

Atkinson, K B (April 1978). "Winchester and Wills after half a century". Photogrammetric Record 9 (51): 415–417.

(unknown) (April 1978). "Photogrammetry around the world". Photogrammetric Record 9 (51): 427–436.

Thompson, G H (October 1978). "To the Editor, The Photogrammetric Record Aerial Film Processing". Photogrammetric Record 9 (52): 573–574.

Adams, Laurence P (October 1978). "To the Editor, The Photogrammetric Record The History Of Photogrammetry". Photogrammetric Record 9 (52): 574–575.

Lamboit, P (October 1978). "To the Editor, The Photogrammetric Record The Development of the Photogrammetric Society". Photogrammetric Record 9 (52): 575–577.

Proctor, D W (October 1979). "E. H. Thompson and Analytical Photogrammetry". Photogrammetric Record 9 (54): 787–795.

Atkinson, K B (April 1980). "Vivian Thompson (1880–1917): Not only an officer of the Royal Engineers". Photogrammetric Record 10 (55): 5–38.

(unknown) (April 1980). "Photogrammetry around the world". Photogrammetric Record 10 (55): 107–112.

(unknown) (April 1986). "Photogrammetry around the world". Photogrammetric Record 12 (67): 109–115.

(unknown) (October 1986). "Notes". Photogrammetric Record 12 (70): 473–484.

Adams, Laurence P (October 1987). "Fourcade's 1904 map of Devil's Peak accuracy tested". Photogrammetric Record 12 (70): 473–484.

Dowman, I J (April 1990). "Ways of seeing". Photogrammetric Record 13 (75): 375–381.

Storrar, Clare D (1990). The Four Faces of Fourcade. Maskew Miller Longman, Cape Town, 198 p. ISBN 0-636-01226-3.

Storrar, Clare D (April 1991). "Further Light on Fourcade". Photogrammetric Record 13 (77): 753–764.

Burnside, C D (April 1994). "The Photogrammetric Society Analogue Instrument Project: A Second Extract". Photogrammetric Record 14 (83): 769–782.

Burnside, C D (April 1995). "The Photogrammetric Society Analogue Instrument Project: A Fourth Extract". Photogrammetric Record 15 (85): 85–90.

Burnside, C D (April 1997). "The Photogrammetric Society Analogue Instrument Project: An Eighth Extract". Photogrammetric Record 15 (89): 791–802.

Adams, L P; Peter, J C; Fieggen, A G; Taylor, A G; Van Geems, B A; Wynchank, S (October 1998). "The Cape Town Stereotactic Pointer: A Novel Application of Photogrammetric Theory". Photogrammetric Record 16 (92): 259–270.

Adams, Laurence P (October 2001). "Fourcade: the Centenary of a Stereoscopic Method of Photographic Surveying". Photogrammetric Record 17 (98): 225–242.

Collier, Peter; Inkpen, Robert J (September 2003). "Photogrammetry in the Ordnance Survey from Close to MacLeod". Photogrammetric Record 18 (103): 224–243.

Thompson-Watts, E H (March 2004). "Frontispiece: Thompson-Watts Plotter, 50th anniversary". Photogrammetric Record 19 (105): 2.

Collier, Peter (June 2006). "The Work of the British Government's Air Survey Committee And its Impact on Mapping in the Second World War". Photogrammetric Record 21 (114): 100–109.