Independent suspension
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Independent suspension is broad term for any automobile suspension system that allows each wheel on the same axle to move vertically (i.e. reacting to a bump in the road) independently of each other. This is contrasted with a beam axle, live axle or deDion system in which the wheels are linked - movement on one side affects the wheel on the other side.
Most modern vehicles have independent suspensions on the front wheels. Many vehicles also have an independent rear suspension (IRS). IRS, as the name implies, has the rear wheels independently sprung. A fully independent suspension has an independent suspension on all wheels. Some early independent systems used swing axles, but modern systems use Chapman or MacPherson struts, trailing arms, multiple links, or wishbones.
Independent suspension typically offers better ride quality and handling characteristics, due to lower unsprung weight and the ability of each wheel to address the road undisturbed by activities of the other wheel on the vehicle. Independent suspension requires additional engineering effort and expense in development versus a live axle or beam axle arrangement. A very complex IRS solution can also result in higher manufacturing costs.
The key reason for lower unsprung weight relative to a live axle design is that, for driven wheels, the differential unit does not form part of the unsprung elements of the suspension system. Instead it is either bolted directly to the vehicle's chassis, or more commonly to a subframe.
The relative movement between the wheels and the differential is achieved through the use of swinging driveshafts connected via universal (U) joints, analogous to the constant-velocity (CV) joints used in front wheel drive vehicles.
However, independent suspension has its downfalls. It is costly to maintain because the parts are more expensive. It is harder to work on since most work requires the removal of the entire front end of the vehicle. Lifting an IFS(Independent Front Suspension) vehicle requires a lot of custom fabrication, which includes quite a bit of cutting and welding which many are hesitant to do. If you are looking for an offroad vehicle, stray away from the IFS systems. They break down easier and are more expensive. They offer less traction and less offroad driving ability.
