Indian Intercourse Act
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The Indian Intercourse Acts were several acts passed by the United States Congress regulating commerce between American Indians and non-Indians and restricting travel by non-Indians onto Indian land. The first of these acts, An Act to Regulate Trade and Intercourse With the Indian Tribes, was passed July 22, 1790. The acts generally expired and were renewed every two years until March 30, 1802, when a permanent act was passed. On June 30, 1834, Congress passed the final Indian Intercourse Act. In addition to regulating relations between Indians living on Indian land and non-Indians, this final act identified an area known as "Indian country". This land was described as being "…all that part of the United States west of the Mississippi and not within the states of Missouri and Louisiana, or the territory of Arkansas…" This is the land that became known as Indian Territory.
One of the most defining aspects of the acts was the establishment of a series of "factories" which were officially licensed trading posts where Native Americans were to sell their merchandise (paricularly furs. The factories, which officially were set up to protect the tribes from unscrupulous private traders, were to be used as leverage to cause the tribes to cede substantial territory in exchange for access to the "factory" as happened with the Treaty of Fort Clark in which the Osage Nation exchanged most of Missouri in order to access Fort Clark.
| Trials: | Cherokee Nation v. Georgia • Colliflower v. Garland • Standing Bear v. Crook • Cobell v. Kempthorne • Talton v. Mayes |
| Acts: | Indian Civil Rights Act • Civilization Act • Pueblo Lands Act • Native American Technical Corrections Act • American Indian Religious Freedom Act • Burke Act • Dawes Act • Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act • Indian Child Welfare Act • Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 • Indian Gaming Regulatory Act • Indian Intercourse Act • Indian Removal Act • Indian Reorganization Act • Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act |
| Other: | Public Law 280 • National Indian Gaming Commission • Dawes Rolls • Eagle feather law |
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