User:Ish ishwar/draft
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
link:
http://www.etnolinguistica.org/
Contents |
[edit] pron
| IPA | ||
|---|---|---|
| tʃ | ch | chop [chäp], ditch [dich], church [chərch], chin [chin], watch [wäch~wôch], chest [chest] |
| dʒ | j | judge [jəj], job [jäb], jaw [jô], edge [ej] |
| ʃ | sh | shop [shäp], dish [dish], ship [ship] |
| θ | th | thin [thin], bath [bath], tooth [to͞oth] |
| ð | dh | then [dhen], bathe [bēdh], this [dhis], the [dhə], further [fərdhər] |
| j | y | yes [yes], yet [yet] |
| ʒ | zh | vision ['vizhən], pleasure ['plezhər], garage [gə'räzh] |
| æ | a | pat [pat], trap [trap], ash [ash], sang [saŋ] |
| e(ɪ) | ā | bay [bā], face [fās], pay [pā], ace [ās], rate [rāt] |
| ɑ (ɒ) | ä | father ['fädhər], pot [pät], lot [lät], mop [mäp], ah [ä], watch [wäch~wôch] |
| ɑr | är | barn [bärn], far [fär] |
| ɛ | e | pet [pet], dress [dres], bet [bet], yet [yet] |
| ɛr | er | pair [per], care [ker] |
| i | ē | bean [bēn], fleece [flēs], bee [bē], easy ['ēzē] |
| ɪ | i | pit [pit], -ness [nis], kit [kit], rabbit ['rabit], hit [hit], pity ['pitē] |
| ɪr | ir | peer/pier [pir] |
| aɪ | ī | buy [bī], price [prīs], pie [pī], by [bī], ice [īs], while [(h)wīl] |
| o(ʊ) | ō | no [nō], goat [gōt], toe [tō], go [gō] |
| ɔ | ô | thought [thôt], cloth [klôθ], caught [kôt], paw [pô], law [lô], watch [wäch~wôch], jaw [jô] |
| ɔɪ | oi | boy [boi], choice [chois], noise [noiz], toy [toi] |
| ɔr | or | gorge [gorj] |
| ʊ | u | put [put], foot [fut], took [tuk], full [ful] |
| ʊr | ur | tour [tur], cure [kyur] |
| u | o͞o | boon [bo͞on], goose [go͞os], boot [bo͞ot], loot [lo͞ot], prune [pro͞on], tooth [to͞oth] |
| aʊ | ou | now [nou], mouth [mouth], out [out], how [hou] |
| ʌ | ə | putt [pət], strut [strət], cut [kət] |
| ɝ | ər | burn [bərn], nurse [nərs], urge [ərj], term [tərm], firm [fərm], word [wərd], heard [hərd], further ['fərdhər] |
| ə | ə | another [ə'nədhər], about [ə'bout], item ['ītəm], edible ['edəbəl], gallop ['galəp], circus ['sərkəs], abut [ə'bət], kitten ['kitən], custom ['kəstəm], above [ə'bəv] |
| ɚ | ər | butter ['bətər] |
| ju | yo͞o | cue [kyo͞o], few [fyo͞o], union ['yo͞onyən], using [yo͞oziŋ], fuse [fyo͞oz] |
[edit] biblio
Entering America : northeast Asia and Beringia before the last glacial maximum / edited by D.B. Madsen.
The great journey : the peopling of ancient America / Brian M. Fagan.
The settlement of the American continents : a multidisciplinary approach to human biogeography / edited by C. Michael Barton ... [et al.].
Bones : discovering the first Americans / Elaine Dewar.
Thompson, Raymond H. ed. Migrations in new world culture history.
The first Americans : in pursuit of archaeology's greatest mystery / J.M. Adovasio with Jake Page.
In the hands of the great spirit : the 20,000 year history of American Indians / Jake Page.
Archaeology of communities : a new world perspective / Marcello-Andrea Canuto and Jason Yaeger.
The ancient Americans : a reference guide to the art, culture, and history of pre-Columbian North and South America / Juan Schobinger ; translation, Carys Evans-Corrales ; consultant, Susan Kart.
Early America revisited / Ivan Van Sertima.
Prehistory of the Americas / Stuart J. Fiedel.
The settlement of the Americas : a new prehistory / Thomas D. Dillehay.
Anthropology / William A. Haviland.
Cultural anthropology : an applied perspective / Gary Ferraro.
[edit] SA
key:
- - = not listed in this source
- † = extinct
- ? = i dont know
| Campbell | Kaufman | extinct? |
|---|---|---|
| Aguano | - | † |
| Ahuaqué | Awaké | |
| Aikaná | Aikaná | |
| Andoque | Andoke | |
| Baenan | Baenã | † |
| Betoi | Betoi | † |
| Camsá | Kamsá | |
| Candoshi | Kandoshi | |
| Canichana | Kanichana | |
| Carabayo | - | |
| Cayuvava | Kayuvava | |
| Chiquitano | Chikitano | |
| Cofán | Kofán | |
| Culle | Kulyi | † ? |
| Cunza | Kunsa | † |
| Esmeralda | Ezmeralda | † |
| Fulnió | Fulnió | |
| Gamela | Gamela | † |
| Gorgotoqui | Gorgotoki | † |
| Guamo | Wamo | † |
| Guató | Guató | |
| Huamoé | Wamoé | † |
| Huarpe | Warpe | † |
| Irantxe | Iranshe | |
| Itonama | Itonama | |
| Jeikó | Jeikó | † |
| Jotí | Hotí | |
| Kaimbe | - | |
| Kaliana | Kaliana | |
| Kapixaná | Kapishaná | |
| Karirí | Karirí | † |
| Katembrí | Katembrí | † |
| Kaweskar | Kawéskar | |
| Koayá | Koayá | † |
| Kukurá | Kukurá | † |
| Leco | Leko | † |
| Lule | Lule | † |
| Maku | Maku | † ? |
| Mapudungu | Mapudungu | |
| Matanawí | Matanawí | † |
| Movima | Movima | |
| Munichi | Munichi | |
| Muzo | - | |
| Natú | Natú | † |
| Ofayé | Ofayé | |
| Omurano | Omurano | † |
| Otí | Otí | † |
| Pakarara | - | |
| Panche | - | |
| Pankararú | Pankararú | † |
| Pantagora | - | |
| Patagón | - | |
| Pijao | - | |
| Puelche | Puelche | † |
| Puquina | Pukina | † |
| Rikbaktsá | Rikbaktsá | |
| Sabela | Sabela | |
| Sechura | Sechura | † |
| Tarairiú | Tarairiú | † |
| Taruma | Taruma | † |
| Taushiro | ||
| Tequiraca | Tekiraka | † |
| Ticuna | Tikuna | |
| Trumai | Trumai | |
| Tuxá | Tushá | † |
| Urarina | Urarina | |
| Vilela | Vilela | |
| Wakona | - | |
| Warao | Warao | |
| Xokó | Shokó | † |
| Xukurú | Shukurú | † |
| Yagan | Yámana | † |
| Yaruro | Jaruro | |
| Yuracare | Yurakare | |
| Yuri | Jurí | † |
| Yurumanguí | Yurimangi | † |
| Campbell | Kaufman | extinct? |
|---|---|---|
| Arauan | Arawán | |
| Aymaran | Haki | |
| Barbacoan | Barbakóan | |
| Bororoan | Boróroan | |
| Botocudoan | Aimoré | |
| Cahuapanan | Kawapánan | |
| Cariban | Káriban | |
| Catacaoan | Katakáoan | † |
| Chapacuran | Chapakúran | |
| Charruan | Charrúan | † |
| Chibchan | Chíbchan | |
| Chimuan | Chimúan | † |
| Chipaya-Uru | Chipaya | |
| Chocoan | Chokó | |
| Cholonan | Cholónan | † |
| Chon | Chon | |
| Guajiboan | Wahívoan | |
| Guaykuruan | Waikurúan | |
| Harákmbut | Harákmbut | |
| Jabutian | Jabutían | |
| Jean | Je | |
| Jirajaran | Hiraháran | † |
| Jivaroan | Hívaro | |
| Kamakanan | Kamakánan | † |
| Karajá | Karajá | |
| Katukinan | Katukínan | |
| Maipurean | Maipúrean | |
| Mascoyan | Maskóian | |
| Matacoan | Matákoan | |
| Maxakalían | Mashakalían | |
| Misumalpan | Misumalpa | |
| Mosetenan | Mosetén | |
| Muran | Múran | |
| Nambiquaran | Nambikuara | |
| Otomacoan | Otomákoan | † |
| Paezan | Páesan | |
| Panoan | Pánoan | |
| Puinavean | Puinávean | |
| Purian | Purían | † |
| Quechuan | Kechua | |
| Sálivan | Sálivan | |
| Tacanan | Takánan | |
| Timotean | Timótean | † |
| Tiniguan | Tiníwan | † |
| Tucanoan | Tukánoan | |
| Tupian | Tupían | |
| Witotoan | Bóran | |
| Witotoan | Witótoan | |
| Yaguan | Yáwan | |
| Yanomaman | Yanomáman | |
| Zamucoan | Samúkoan | |
| Zaparoan | Sáparoan |
[edit] Swadesh
- Macro-Zamuco
- Yurimangi
- Tekiraka
- Kanichana
[edit] Viet
ask Pham about vowels
[edit] Endnotes
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | iː | ɯː uː | |
| Upper-Mid | eː | ɤː oː | |
| Lower-Mid | ɛː | ʌ ɔː | |
| Upper-Low | ɐ | ||
| Lower-Low | aː |
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | ɨ | u |
| Upper-Mid | e | o | |
| Lower-Mid | ɛ | ɜː/ɜ | ɔ |
| Low | ɐː/ɐ |
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | ɯ u | |
| Mid | e | əː/ə | o |
| Low | a | ɐː/ɐ | ɒ |
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | ɨ | u |
| Upper-Mid | e | ɘː/ɘ | o |
| Lower-Mid | ɛː/ɛ | ɔ | |
| Low | ɐ |
| Orthography | this website | Thompson | Han | Nguyễn | Pham |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| i | i | i | i | i | i |
| ê | e | e | e | e | e |
| e | ɛ | ɛ | ɛ | a | ɛ |
| ư | ɨ | ɯ | ɨ | ɯ | ɨ |
| u | u | u | u | u | u |
| ô | o | o | o | o | o |
| o | ɔ | ɔ | ɔ | ɒ | ɔ |
| ơ | əː | ɤ | ɜː | əː | ɘː |
| â | ɜ | ʌ | ɜ | ə | ɘ |
| a | ɐː | a | ɐː | ɐː | |
| ă | ɐ | ɐ | ɐ | ɐ |
