Isopentane
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| Isopentane | |
|---|---|
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| General | |
| Systematic name | Isopentane |
| Other names | Methylbutane 2-Methylbutane |
| Molecular formula | C5H12 |
| SMILES | C(C)CCC |
| Molar mass | 72.15 g/mol |
| Appearance | colorless liquid |
| CAS number | [78-78-4] |
| Properties | |
| Density and phase | 0.6 g/ml, liquid |
| Solubility in water | Immiscible |
| Melting point | −160 °C (113 K) |
| Boiling point | 28 °C (301 K) |
| Thermodynamic data | |
| Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfH |
−179 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy change of combustion, ΔcH |
−3504 kJ/mol |
| Standard molar entropy, S |
260.7 J·K−1·mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| MSDS | External MSDS |
| EU classification | Highly flammable (F+) Harmful (Xn) Dangerous for the environment (N) |
| NFPA 704 |
4
1
0
|
| R-phrases | R12, R51/53, R65, R66, R67 |
| S-phrases | S2, S9, S16, S29, S33, S61, S62 |
| Flash point | <−51 °C |
| Autoignition temperature | 420 °C |
| Explosive limits | 1.4–7.6% |
| RTECS number | EK4430000 |
| Supplementary data page | |
| Structure and properties |
n, εr, etc. |
| Thermodynamic data |
Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas |
| Spectral data | UV, IR, NMR, MS |
| Related compounds | |
| Related alkane | Isobutane Neopentane 2-Methylpentane |
| Related compounds | Pentane Cyclopentane |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
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Isopentane, C5H12, also called methylbutane or 2-methylbutane, is a branched-chain alkane with five carbon atoms. Isopentane is an extremely volatile and extremely flammable liquid at room temperature and pressure. The normal boiling point is just a few degrees above room temperature and isopentane will readily boil and evaporate away on a warm day.
Contents |
[edit] Nomenclature
Isopentane is the name recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in its 1993 Recommendations for the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry. It is one of only four acyclic hydrocarbons to retain its pre-IUPAC name.
[edit] Isomers
Isopentane is one of three structural isomers with the molecular formula C5H12, the others being pentane and neopentane.
[edit] Reference
- ^ Panico, R.; & Powell, W. H. (Eds.) (1994). A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 1993. Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-632-03488-2. http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_679.htm
[edit] External links
- Molview from bluerhinos.co.uk See Isopentane in 3D
- IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry (online version of the "Blue Book")
| Alkanes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Methane |
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Ethane |
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Propane |
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Butane |
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Pentane |
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Hexane |
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Heptane |
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Octane |
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Nonane |
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Decane |
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Undecane |
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Dodecane |
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