Jobseeker's Allowance
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In the United Kingdom Jobseeker's Allowance (JSA), colloquially known as The Dole, is a form of unemployment benefit that is paid by the government to people who are unemployed and seeking work. It is part of the social security benefits system and is meant to cover the cost of living expenses in periods where the claimant is out of work. It is paid by the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP), normally through the local Job Centre Plus office.
There are two forms of Jobseeker's Allowance, contributions-based and income-based
Contributions are collected for the DWP by Contributions Office (HM Revenue and Customs), who keep a permanent record of contributions paid by everyone in the UK that has a National Insurance number.
According to the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article on Dole, the word dole, meaning a charitable distribution of food and money, derives from Old English dal, from which we also get the word deal - New Deal
Australia has implemented strikingly similar unemployment/welfare policies, which also have official titles based on informal, colloquial terminology. (eg. see Centrelink and Work for the dole).
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[edit] Contribution-based Jobseeker's Allowance
Contribution-based Jobseeker's Allowance, JSA(C), is based on Class 1 National Insurance contributions. Certain other benefits including Statutory sick pay, Statutory paternity pay, Statutory maternity pay, Statutory adoption pay, Incapacity benefit, Bereavement benefit, Carer's allowance and Contribution-based Jobseeker's Allowance itself also count towards Class 1 contributions and are called "Credited Class 1 contributions".
Self-employed people do not pay Class 1 contributions, and thus may not claim JSA(C).
To be eligible to make a claim for JSA(C) the claimant must first of all prove that they are actively seeking work. This is done by filling in a Jobseeker's Agreement form and attending a New Jobseeker interview (NJI). They must also present themselves to their local Job Centre every fortnight thereafter to "sign on".
They must also have to have paid Class 1 National Insurance contributions on earnings of at least twenty five times the Lower Earnings Limit in one of the two complete financial years before the start of the claim year in which the claim is being made. They must also have to have paid Class 1 or Credited Class 1 contributions on earnings of at least fifty times the Lower Earnings Limit in both complete financial years before the start of the claim year in which the claim is being made.
[edit] Income-based Jobseeker's Allowance
People who are not eligible for JSA(C) may claim for Income-based Jobseeker's Allowance, JSA(IB), which is means tested for each individual claimant and/or their dependents. People who are eligible for JSA(C) may also claim JSA(IB) for any additional payments due under that benefit (for family dependents, for example). Eligibility for JSA(C)is used up (in the first twenty six weeks) before moving onto full JSA(IB) which may only be paid if the claimant has less than £16,000 in savings (correct as of July 2006). Payments are also reduced when the person has savings between £8,000 and £16,000.
Both forms of benefit face 100% marginal deductions if the individual earns more than a small amount and are withdrawn from those working sixteen or more hours a week.
[edit] Sanctions regime
In certain cases, a claimant's Jobseeker's Allowance may be stopped. Those are:
- Not being available for or actively seeking work, or not signing the Jobseeker's Agreement: if a claimant doesn't declare on the Jobseeker's Agreement that they're available for and actively seeking work, and sign it, then benefit will be suspended until the date that the claimant completes and signs the agreement. Once the agreement has been signed, a Decision Maker will decide how much of the back benefit the claimant should get, if any.
- Missing a Restart interview: claim will be terminated unpaid, back benefit entitlement will be lost, and the client will need to make a new claim.
- Voluntarily leaving work, or refusing a notified vacancy: temporary reduction or stoppage of benefit payment, known as a sanction. The sanction may be up to 26 weeks, and the length will be decided by an adjudicator. A notified vacancy is a job vacancy which the claimant has found out about from Job Centre Plus, who keep records of all the jobs their clients request information about.
- Refusing to attend compulsory scheme, or failing to comply with Direction: sanction of two weeks for first 'offence', and four weeks for second and subsequent offences.
Supporters of the sanctions regime say that it discourages idleness, the so-called benefit culture, and encourages claimants to look for work quickly. Critics of the sanctions regime maintain that a disproportionately large number of sanctions are applied to claimants with learning difficulties, many of whom don't understand why their benefits have stopped. Critics also say the sanctions cause people to live in a perpetual cycle of unemployment and contingent work, and that the cost of paying benefits may be more expensive in the long run.
[edit] New Deal
If a claimant below 50 years of age has been unemployed for 18 months, they will be placed on the New Deal scheme. Claimants under 25 years old will be placed on New Deal after six months.
