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John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Earl of St Vincent
The Earl of St Vincent
John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent
John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent

Admiral of the Fleet John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent GCB PC RN (9 January 173514 March 1823) was an Admiral in the Royal Navy.

Jervis was born at Meaford in Staffordshire, and entered the Navy in 1749. He reached the rank of Lieutenant in 1755 and took part in the conquest of Quebec in 1759. In 1760 he was promoted to Post-Captain, and commanded various ships in the Mediterranean and the English Channel. He served as Captain throughout the War of American Independence, and fought in the Battle of Ushant in 1778.

Jervis was made a Knight of the Bath after his capture of the French ship Pegase in 1782, and the following year he entered Parliament, representing Launceston (and later Yarmouth and Wycombe) as a Whig.

In 1787 he attained flag rank, and in 1788 he married his cousin Martha Parker. With the outbreak of war with Revolutionary France (note: at this point France was not under Napoleon as Napoleon's coup did not take place until October of 1799) he was put into service in the West Indies co-operating with the Army in the conquest of the French islands. On return to Great Britain in 1795 he was promoted to Admiral. In November he took command in the Mediterranean, where he maintained the blockade of Toulon, and aided the allies of Great Britain in Italy.

He was Commander-in-Chief of the British Mediterranean Fleet from 1796 to 1799. One of his chief duties was to watch the Spanish fleet at Cadiz. He defeated the Spanish fleet at the Battle of Cape St Vincent. For this victory he was created Baron Jervis, of Meaford in the County of Stafford, and Earl of St Vincent.

That same year, however, the Spithead and Nore mutinies threatened the Navy. He prevented any outbreak in his command through foresight and severity, including the flogging and hanging of sailors and public berating of his officers, one of whom, Sir John Orde challenged him to a duel. Nevertheless, he raised the discipline of the Navy to a higher level than it had reached before; he was always ready to promote good officers, and the efficiency of the squadron with which Lord Nelson won the Battle of the Nile was largely due to him.

Lord St Vincent resigned his command temporarily in 1799, due to his failing health, but he recovered and resumed command the following year, and became First Lord of the Admiralty in 1801, also being created Viscount St Vincent, of Meaford in the County of Stafford, with a special remainder. He took command of the Channel Fleet from 1806 to 1807, and retired from the Navy in 1811. In 1821 he was promoted to Admiral of the Fleet on the occasion of the coronation of King George IV.

When he died in 1823, the Barony of Jervis and the Earldom of St Vincent became extinct, but the Viscountcy of St Vincent passed to his nephew.

There is a monument to him in St. Paul's Cathedral, and portraits of him at different periods of his life are numerous.

"I do not say, my Lords, that the French will not come. I say only they will not come by sea". addressing the House of Lords as First Lord of the Admiralty in 1801.

[edit] External links

Parliament of Great Britain
Preceded by
Thomas Bowlby
Charles Perceval
Member of Parliament for Launceston
with Charles Perceval

1783–1784
Succeeded by
Charles Perceval
George Rose
Preceded by
Charles Townshend
Richard Walpole
Member of Parliament for Great Yarmouth
with Henry Beaufoy

1784–1790
Succeeded by
Henry Beaufoy
Charles Townshend
Preceded by
Robert Waller
Earl Wycombe
Member of Parliament for Wycombe
with Earl Wycombe

1790–1794
Succeeded by
Earl Wycombe
Sir Francis Baring, Bt
Political offices
Preceded by
The Earl Spencer
First Lord of the Admiralty
1801–1804
Succeeded by
The Viscount Melville
Preceded by
New Creation
Earl of St Vincent
1797–1823
Succeeded by
Extinct
Viscount St Vincent
1801–1823
Succeeded by
Edward Jervis
In other languages
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