Joseph Louis François Bertrand
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Joseph Louis François Bertrand (March 11, 1822 – April 5, 1900, born and died in Paris) was a French mathematician who worked in the fields of number theory, differential geometry, probability theory, and thermodynamics.
Bertrand was a professor at the École Polytechnique and Collège de France. He was a member of the Paris Academy of Sciences and was its permanent secretary for twenty-six years.
He conjectured, in 1845, that there is at least one prime between n and 2n-2 for every n > 3. Chebyshev proved this conjecture, now called Bertrand's postulate, in 1850. He is also famous for a paradox in the field of probability, now known as Bertrand's Paradox. There is another paradox in game theory that is named for him, called the Bertrand Paradox.
Bertrand translated into French Carl Friedrich Gauss's work on the theory of errors and the method of least squares.
In the field of economics he reviewed the work on Oligopoly Theory, specifically Cournot competition model produced by the French mathematician and economist Augustin Cournot. The model of Bertrand competition argued that Cournot had reached a misleading conclusion; reworking Cournot's duopoly model using prices rather than quantities as the strategic variables thus showing that the equilibrium price was simply the competitive price - a striking conclusion largely ignored until recently.
[edit] References
- Bertrand, Joseph Louis Francois (1822–1900)
- Joseph Louis François Bertrand
- References for Joseph Bertrand
- Works by Joseph Bertrand at Project Gutenberg
- Joseph Louis François Bertrand
[edit] See also
| Preceded by Jean-Baptiste Dumas |
Seat 40 Académie française 1884–1900 |
Succeeded by Marcellin Berthelot |
