Judeo-Moroccan
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[edit] History and Composition
[edit] Historically
Widely used in the Jewish community during its long history there, the Moroccan dialect of Judeo-Arabic has many influences from languages other than Arabic, including Spanish (due to the close proximity of Spain), Haketia or Moroccan Judeo-Spanish, due to the influx of Sephardic refugees from Spain after the 1492 expulsion, and French (due to the period in which Morocco was colonized by France), and, of course, the inclusion of many Hebrew loanwords and phrases (a feature of all Jewish languages). The dialect has considerable mutual intelligibility with Tunisian Judeo-Arabic, and some with the Tripolitanian variety, but almost none with the Iraqi dialect.
[edit] Today
The vast majority of Morocco's 265,000 Jews emigrated to Israel after 1948, with significant emigration to Europe (mainly France) and North America as well. Although more than 8,000 Jews remain in Morocco today, most of the younger generations speak French as their first language, rather than Arabic, and their Arabic is more akin to Moroccan Arabic than to Judeo-Arabic. There are estimated to be 8,925 speakers in Morocco, mostly Casablanca and Fes, and 250,000 in Israel (where speakers reported bilingualism with Hebrew). Most speakers, in both countries, are elderly. There is a Judeo-Arabic radio program on Israeli radio.
[edit] Daily phrases in Judæo-Moroccan
- Hello: שלמה šlāma / שלמה עליכ šlāma ʿlik
- Goodbye: בשלמה bšlāma / בשלמה עליכ bšlāma ʿlik
- Thanks: מרסי mersi
- Yes: ייוה ēywa
- No: לא lā
- How are you?: אשכברכ? āš iḫbark?
- Fine, thank you: לבש, מרסי lābaš, mersi
- Fine / No problems: lābaš
[edit] References
- http://www.jewish-languages.org/judeo-arabic.html
- http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=aju
