Kunihiko Kodaira

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Kunihiko Kodaira (小平邦彦 Kodaira Kunihiko, 16 March 1915 – 26 July 1997) was a Japanese mathematician known for distinguished work in algebraic geometry and the theory of complex manifolds; and as the founder of the Japanese school of algebraic geometers. He was awarded a Fields Medal in 1954, being the first Japanese to receive this honour. He was born in Nagano Prefecture.

His early work was mostly in functional analysis. During the war years he worked in isolation, but was able to master Hodge theory as it then stood. He obtained his Ph.D. degree from the University of Tokyo in 1949, with a thesis entitled Harmonic fields in Riemannian manifolds. He was involved in cryptographic work from about 1944, at a time of great personal difficulty, while holding an academic post in Tokyo.

In 1949 he travelled to the IAS in Princeton, at the invitation of Hermann Weyl. At this time the foundations of Hodge theory were being brought in line with contemporary technique in operator theory. Kodaira rapidly became involved in exploiting the tools it opened up in algebraic geometry, adding sheaf theory as it became available. This work was particularly influential, for example on Hirzebruch.

In a second research phase, Kodaira wrote a long series of papers in collaboration with D. C. Spencer, founding the deformation theory of complex structures on manifolds. This gave the possibility of constructions of moduli spaces, since in general such structures depend continuously on parameters. It also identified the sheaf cohomology groups, for the sheaf associated with the holomorphic tangent bundle, that carried the basic data about the dimension of the moduli space, and obstructions to deformations. This theory is still foundational, and also had an influence of the (technically very different) scheme theory of Grothendieck. Spencer then continued this work, applying the techniques to structures other than complex ones, such as G-structures.

In a third major part of his work, Kodaira worked again from around 1960 through the classification of algebraic surfaces, from birational geometry, from the point of view of complex manifold theory. This resulted in a typology of seven kinds of two-dimensional compact complex manifolds, recovering the five algebraic types known classically; the other two being non-algebraic. He provided also detailed studies of elliptic fibrations of surfaces over a curve, or in other language elliptic curves over function fields, a theory whose arithmetic analogue proved important soon afterwards. This work also included a characterisation of K3 surfaces as deformations of quartic surfaces in P⁴, and the theorem that they form a single diffeomorphism class. Again, this work has proved foundational. (The K3 surfaces were named after Kummer, Kähler, and Kodaira, as well as the K2 peak in the Himalayas).

Kodaira left the IAS in 1961, and after two positions in the USA returned to Japan in 1967; he was professor at the University of Tokyo. He was awarded a Wolf Prize in 1984/5. He died in Kofu on 26 July 1997.

[edit] See also

Titchmarsh-Kodaira formula
Kodaira vanishing theorem
Kodaira-Spencer mapping
Kodaira dimension
Kodaira embedding theorem

[edit] External link

Kunihiko Kodaira at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
O'Connor, John J., and Edmund F. Robertson. "Kunihiko Kodaira". MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.

Fields Medalists