Lake Winnipeg
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Lake Winnipeg | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Coordinates | |
| Lake type | Formerly part of the Glacial Lake Agassiz |
| Primary sources | Saskatchewan River Red River Winnipeg River |
| Primary outflows | Nelson River |
| Catchment area | 984,200 km² |
| Basin countries | Canada, USA |
| Max length | 416 km |
| Max width | 100 km (N Basin) 40 km (S Basin) |
| Surface area | 24,514 km² |
| Average depth | 12 m |
| Max depth | 36 m |
| Shore length1 | 1,858 km |
| Surface elevation | 217 m |
| 1 Shore length is an imprecise measure which may not be standardized for this article. | |
Lake Winnipeg is a very large (24,400 km²) lake in central North America, in the province of Manitoba, Canada, about 55 km north of the city of Winnipeg. It is the largest lake within the borders of southern Canada, and it is part of the most undeveloped and pristine large watershed of southern Canada.
It is the fifth-largest freshwater lake in Canada [[1]], but it is relatively shallow (mean depth of 12 m[1] excluding a narrow 60 m deep channel between the northern and southern basins). It is the twelfth largest freshwater lake on Earth. The east side of the lake has pristine boreal forests and rivers that are being promoted as a potential United Nations World Heritage Park. The lake is elongated in shape, and is 416 km from north to south, with remote sandy beaches, large limestone cliffs, and many bat caves in some areas. Manitoba Hydro uses the lake as one of the largest reservoirs in the world. There are many islands in the lake, and most of them are undeveloped and pristine. This giant and remote lake has tremendous ecotourism potential, with nothing else quite like it in southern Canada and in Manitoba. This lake is a unique geological and geographical area that is largely undeveloped, and quite a rare ecological gem in the world today.[citation needed]
The lake's watershed measures about 984,200 km², and covers much of Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, northwestern Ontario, Minnesota, and North Dakota. Some of its tributaries include:
- the Saskatchewan River (through Cedar Lake),
- the Red River (draining the Assiniboine River),
- the Winnipeg River (draining Lake of the Woods, Rainy River and Rainy Lake); and
- Lake Manitoba (draining Lake Winnipegosis),
- Bloodvein River (on the East side, draining from the Canadian Shield)
- Poplar River
- Manigatogan River
Lake Winnipeg drains northward into the Nelson River at an average annual rate of 2066 m³/s, and forms part of the Hudson Bay watershed which is one of the largest in the world. This watershed area was historically known as Rupert's Land when the Hudson Bay Company formed in the late 1600s.
Lakes Winnipeg, Manitoba, and Winnipegosis are found at the floor of the prehistoric Glacial Lake Agassiz. The area between Lake Winnipeg and Lakes Winnipegosis and Manitoba is called the Interlake Region, and the whole region is called the Manitoba Lowlands.
The first European to have seen the lake is believed to have been Henry Kelsey in 1690. He adopted the Cree language name for the lake: wīnipēk (ᐐᓂᐯᐠ), meaning "muddy waters". La Verendrye referred to the lake as Ouinipigon when he built the first forts in the area in the 1730s. Later, the Red River Colony to its south would take the lake's name and become Winnipeg, the capital of Manitoba.
Due to its long, narrow shape, the lake exhibits a variety of interesting wind and wave effects, including waves of up to one metre in height at its southern shore, a process called wind tide. This occurs when prevailing northerly winds blow along the length of Lake Winnipeg, exerting a horizontal stress on its surface. Surface waters move in the direction of the wind and pile up along the windward south shores. Setups greater than 1 m above normal lake levels have been recorded along many of southern Lake Winnipeg's recreational beaches, and the associated high waves with their uprush effects have caused considerable storm damage, backshore flood and shoreline erosion. The highest setups occur in the fall, when the northerly winds are strongest. If the winds die down suddenly, the waters rush northward, then slosh back and forth in a process called seiching.
Communities on the lake include Grand Beach, Riverton, Gimli, Winnipeg Beach, Victoria Beach, Pine Falls, Manigotagan, Berens River, and Grand Rapids. A number of pleasure beaches are found on the southern end of the lake.
[edit] Fishing
Lake Winnipeg serves as important commercial fisheries. It is one of the main lakes in Manitoba's 30 million dollar annual commercial catch. [[2]] a shipping route, and the southern shore is a popular summer resort area.
