Lamiales

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Lamiales

Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Lamiales Bromhead

Families

See text

The Order Lamiales is a taxon in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. Lamiales formerly had a restricted circumscription (e.g., by Arthur Cronquist) that included the major families Lamiaceae (Labiatae), Verbenaceae, and Boraginaceae plus a few smaller families. Recent phylogenetic work has shown that Lamiales is polyphyletic with respect to order Scrophulariales and the two groups are now usually combined in a single order that also includes the former orders Hippuridales and Plantaginales. Lamiales has become the preferred name for this much larger combined group. The placement of Boraginaceae is unclear but phylogenetic work shows that this family does not belong in Lamiales.

The circumscription of Scrophulariaceae, formerly a heterogeneous para/polyphyletic group defined primarily by plesiomorphic characters and from within which numerous other families of the Lamiales were derived, has been radically altered to create a number of smaller, better-defined and putatively monophyletic families.

Under this definition some well-known members of Lamiales are lavender, lilac, olive, jasmine, the ash tree, teak, snapdragons, and a number of table herbs such as mint, basil, and rosemary.

Under the older Cronquist system of classification, the Lamiales included the families Lamiaceae, Verbenaceae, Boraginaceae, and Lennoaceae. Many of the other families listed below were placed in the Order Scrophulariales. Inclusion of all the following families is typical of newer classifications:

Species in the order Lamiales show typically the following characteristics, although there are exceptions to all of them:

superior ovary composed of two fused carpels
five petals fused into a tube
bilaterally symmetrical, often bilabiate corollas
four (or fewer) fertile stamens

There are about 11,000 species in the Lamiales. They are divided among 10 or more families (Uni-Ham 52e 2002-09-06):

Family Lamiaceae (mint family)
- 200 genera, 3200 species (according to Gleason & Cronquist) Placed in this order by cladists.
Family Verbenaceae (verbena family)
Family Scrophulariaceae (figwort family)
- about 190 genera and about 4000 species. According to the APG II this family is to be recircumscribed to include Buddlejaceae and Myoporaceae and exclude several former members; these are assigned to Calceolariaceae, Orobanchaceae, Paulowniaceae, Phrymaceae and Plantaginaceae
Family Myoporaceae
- 3 genera (Uni-Ham 52efam 2002-09-06)
Family Orobanchaceae (broomrape family)
- 5 genera. Not listed in Uni-Ham; used to be included in Scrophulariaceae. (siu.edu 2002-09-06)
Family Acanthaceae (acanthus family) (incl. Avicenniaceae)
- about 250 genera and about 2500 species. Uni-Ham acanth 2002-09-06)
Family Pedaliacae (pedalium family)
- 17 genera (Uni-Ham 52efam 2002-09-06)
Family Bignoniaceae (trumpet creeper family)
- about 100 genera and about 800 species (Uni-Ham bignoni 2002-09-06)
Family Lentibulariaceae (bladderwort family)
- 3 genera (Uni-Ham 52efam 2002-09-06)
Family Plantaginaceae (plantago family) (includes the former Globulariaceae)
Family Paulowniaceae
Family Martyniaceae
Family Byblidaceae
Family Phrymaceae
Family Schlegeliaceae
Family Stilbaceae
Family Tetrachondraceae
Family Carlemanniaceae
Family Gesneriaceae (gesneria family)
- about 150 genera and 3200 species
Family Calceolariaceae (slipper flowers)
Family Oleaceae (olive family)
- about 25 genera (Kew Oleaceae 2002-09-06) and about 600 species (ole 2002-09-06). Sometimes found under Gentianales.
Family Plocospermataceae