List of extinct plants

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This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy certain standards for completeness. Revisions and sourced additions are welcome.

Contents 1 Prehistoric extinctions 2 Modern extinctions 2.1 Africa 2.2 America 2.3 Asia 2.4 Europe 2.5 Oceania 3 Extinct in the Wild Plants 3.1 Africa 3.2 America 3.3 Australia 3.4 Asia 3.5 Europe 3.6 Oceania 4 Plants previously thought extinct and subsequently rediscovered 5 Algae 6 References

[edit] Prehistoric extinctions

Main article: Prehistoric plant

• Cooksonia sp. (Silurian)
• Rhynia sp. (Silurian)
• Psilophyton sp. (Devonian)
• Sigillaria sp. (Carboniferous)
• Lepidodendron sp. (Carboniferous)
• Calamites sp. (Carboniferous)
• Cordaites sp. (Permian)
• Glossopteris sp. (Permian)
• Araucarioxylon sp. (Triassic)
• Cladophlebis sp. (Triassic)
• Zamites sp. (Triassic)
• Brachyphyllum sp. (Triassic)
• Pleuromeia sp. (Triassic)
• Eboracia sp. (Jurassic)
• Cycadeoidea sp. (Jurassic)
• Ginkgo sp. (Jurassic)
• Gleichenites sp. (Jurassic)
• Coniopteris sp. (Jurassic)
• Czekanowskia sp. (Jurassic)
• Nilssonia sp. (Jurassic)
• Neocalamites sp. (Jurassic)
• Baiera sp. (Jurassic)
• Pterophyilum sp. (Jurassic)
• Archaefructus sp. (Cretaceous)
• Archaeanthus sp. (Cretaceous)
• Williamsoniella sp. (Cretaceous)
• Ephedrites sp. (Cretaceous)
• Sphenobaiera sp. (Cretaceous)
• Pagiophyllum sp. (Cretaceous)
• Pityocladus sp. (Cretaceous)
• Podozamites sp. (Cretaceous)
• Liaoningocladus sp. (Cretaceous)

[edit] Modern extinctions

[edit] Africa

• Acalypha rubrinervis (1870, Saint Helena)
• Anogramma ascensionis (1958, Ascension Island)
• Anonidium usambarense (Tanzania)
• Byttneria ivorensis (Côte d'Ivoire)
• Coffea lemblinii (Côte d'Ivoire)
• Dryopteris ascensionis (1889, Ascension Island)
• Erythrina schliebenii (Tanzania)
• St. Helena Heliotrope - Heliotropium pannifolium (Saint Helena)
• St. Helena Olive - Nesiota elliptica (2003, Saint Helena)
• Oldenlandia adscenionis (1889, Ascension Island)
• Pausinystalia brachythyrsum (Cameroon)
• Sporobolus durus (1886, Ascension Island)
• Trochetiopsis melanoxylon (Saint Helena)

[edit] America

• Blutaparon rigidum (Galápagos)
• Campomanesia lundiana (Brazil)
• Casearia quinduensis (Colombia)
• Chrysophyllum januariense (Brazil)
• Cnidoscolus fragrans (Cuba)
• Flabellidium spinosum (1911, Bolivia)
• Galipea ossana (Cuba)
• Gomidesia cambessedeana (early 19th century, Brazil)
• Guettarda retusa (Cuba)
• Ilex ternatiflora (Cuba)
• Licania caldasiana (Colombia)
• Myrcia skeldingii (Jamaica)
• Neomacounia nitida (1864, Canada)
• Pouteria stenophylla (Brazil)
• Pradosia argentea (Peru)
• Pradosia glaziovii (Brazil)
• Pradosia mutisii (Colombia)
• Psidium dumetorum (1976, Jamaica)
• Santalum fernandezianum (Chile)

[edit] Asia

• Adiantum lianxianense (Guangdong, China)
• Crudia zeylanica (Sri Lanka)
• Cynometra beddomei (India)
• Dipterocarpus cinereus (Sumatera, Indonesia)
• Hopea shingkeng (India)
• Ilex gardneriana (1859, India)
• Madhuca insignis (India)
• Ormosia howii (Southern China)
• Otophora unilocularis (Hainan, China)
• Pluchea glutinosa (19th Century, Yemen)
• Psiadia schweinfurthii (19th Century, Yemen)
• Shorea cuspidata (Malaysia)
• Sterculia khasiana (India)
• Syzygium gambleanum (India)
• Valerianella affinis (19th century, Yemen)
• Wendlandia angustifolia (India)

[edit] Europe

• Astragalus nitidiflorus (1909, Spain)
• Radula visiniaca (1938, Italy)

[edit] Oceania

• Hawaii Chaff Flower - Achyranthes atollensis (1964, Hawaiian Is.)
• Argyroxiphium virescens (1996, Hawaiian Is.)
• Casearia tinifolia (Mauritius)
• Clermontia multiflora (1871, Hawaiian Is.)
• Cupaniopsis crassivalvis (New Caledonia)
• Tree Cyanea - Cyanea arborea (1928, Hawaiian Is.)
• Cyanea comata (late 1800's, Hawaiian Is.)
• Cyanea cylindrocalyx (1909, Hawaiian Is.)
• Cyanea dolichopoda (1990, Hawaiian Is.)
• Giffard's Cyanea - Cyanea giffardii (1917, Hawaiian Is.)
• Mark's Cyanea - Cyanea marksii (Hawaiian Is.)
• Cyanea pohaku (1910, Hawaiian Is.)
• Cyanea pycnocarpa (Hawaiian Is.)
• Oakleaf Cyanea - Cyanea quercifolia (Hawaiian Is.)
• Dracaena umbraculifera (Mauritius)
• Fitchia mangarevensis (French Polynesia)
• Hernandia drakeana (French Polynesia)
• Kawaihae Hibiscadelphus - Hibiscadelphus bombycinus (1868, Hawaiian Is.)
• Hibiscadelphus crucibracteatus (1981, Hawaiian Is.)
• Hibiscadelphus wilderianus (1910, Hawaiian Is.)
• Kokia lanceolata (1888, Hawaiian Is.)
• Cross-Bearing Pelea - Melicope cruciata (Hawaiian Is.)
• Melicope haleakalae (1919, Hawaiian Is.)
• Obovate Melicope - Melicope obovata (Hawaiian Is.)
• Melicope paniculata (Hawaiian Is.)
• Neisosperma brownii (French Polynesia)
• Ochrosia fatuhivensis (French Polynesia)
• Ochrosia nukuhivensis (French Polynesia)
• Ochrosia tahitensis (French Polynesia)
• Pelea obovata (Hawaiian Is.)
• Stenocarpus dumbeensis (1905, New Caledonia)
• Streblorrhiza speciosa (Norfolk Island)
• Weinmannia spiraeoides (1840, Fiji)
• Skottsberg's Wikstroemia - Wikstroemia skottsbergiana (Hawaiian Is.)
• Hairy Wikstroemia - Wikstoemia villosa (Hawaiian Is.)
• Xanthostemon sebertii (1869, New Caledonia)

See also: List of extinct flora of Australia

[edit] Extinct in the Wild Plants

[edit] Africa

• Bastard Gumwood - Commidendrum rotundifolium (Saint Helena)
• Encephalartos brevifoliolatus (South Africa)
• Encephalartos nubimontanus (South Africa)
• Encephalartos relictus (Swaziland)
• Encephalartos woodii (South Africa)
• St. Helena Redwood - Trochetiopsis erythroxylon (Saint Helena)

[edit] America

• Cosmos atrosanguineus (Mexico)
• Csapodya splendens (syn. Deppea splendens) (Mexico)
• Root-Spine Palm - Cryosophila williamsii (Honduras)
• Erythroxylum echinodendron (Cuba)
• Franklin Tree - Franklinia alatamaha (Georgia, U.S.)
• Laelia gouldiana (Mexico)
• Biznaguita - Mammillaria glochidiata (Mexico)
• Biznaguita - Mammillaria guillauminiana (Mexico)
• Toromiro - Sophora toromiro (Chile)
• Terminalia acuminata (Brazil)

[edit] Australia

• Hemiandra rutilans

[edit] Asia

• Corypha taliera - (Bengal)
• Euphorbia mayurnathanii (India)
• Firmiana major (Yunnan, China)
• Kalimantan Mango - Mangifera casturi (Indonesia)
• Mangifera rubropetala (Kalimantan)
• Rhododendron kanehirai (Taiwan)
• Tulipa sprengeri (Turkey)

[edit] Europe

• Betula szaferi (Poland)
• Lysimachia minoricensis (Spain)

[edit] Oceania

• Pele Clermontia - Clermontia peleana (Hawaiian Is.)
• Cyanea pinnatifida (Hawaiian Is.)
• Cyanea superba (Hawaiian Is.)
• Punaluu Cyanea - Cyanea truncata (Hawaiian Is.)
• Fuzzyflower Cyrtandra - Cyrtandra waiolani (Hawaiian Is.)
• Cooke's Kokio - Kokia cookei (Hawaiian Is)

[edit] Plants previously thought extinct and subsequently rediscovered

• Thuja sutchuenensis – rediscovered 1999
• Badula ovalifolia - discovered for the first time on Mauritius by Wayne Page & Gabriel d'Argent, Indian Ocean. 1997 / confirmed 2006

[edit] Algae

• Bennett's Seaweed - Vanvoorstia bennettiana - a red alga. (1886, Australia)

[edit] References

• The Evolution of Plants, by K. J. Willis, J. C. McElwain, Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN 0198500653
• Principles and Practice of Plant Conservation, by David R. Given, Timber Press, 1995. ISBN 0881922498
• Earth Witness Community Site [1] (accessed 19 October 2005)