List of rulers of Monaco

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The principality's thirtieth and current ruler is Albert II, Sovereign Prince of Monaco.

Legend
	Ruler of Monaco
	Foreign occupation
	Regent

The following is a chronological list of rulers of Monaco. Most belong to the House of Grimaldi; exceptions, which consist primarily of the principality's administrators under periods of foreign occupation, are noted.

1 Lords of Monaco
2 Princes of Monaco
3 Notes
4 See also
5 References

[edit] Lords of Monaco

Name	Reign	Notes
François Grimaldi	January 8, 1297¹	Though François seized the Rock, he was never ruler of Monaco.
Rainier I, Lord of Cagnes	January 8, 1297 – April 10, 1301	François's cousin¹
Under Genoese control from April 10, 1301 to September 12, 1331
Lords of Monaco (French: Seigneurs de Monaco)
Charles I	September 12, 1331 – August 15, 1357	Joint rulers from June 29, 1352 to August 15, 1357
Antonio	June 29, 1352 – August 15, 1357
Rainier II	June 29, 1352 – August 15, 1357
Gabriel	June 29, 1352 – August 15, 1357
Under Genoese control from August 15, 1357 to January 1395
Louis	January 1395 – December 19, 1395	First of two reigns²; jointly with Jean I
Jean I	January 1395 – December 19, 1395	First of three reigns³; jointly with Louis
Under Genoese control from December 19, 1395 to May 11, 1397
Louis	May 11, 1397 – November 5, 1402	Second of two reigns
Under Genoese control from November 5, 1402 to June 5, 1419
Ambroise of Menton	June 5, 1419 – 1427	Jointly with Antonie and Jean I
Antonie of Roquebrune	June 5, 1419 – 1427	Jointly with Ambroise and Jean I
Jean I	June 5, 1419 – October 3, 1436	Second of three reigns³; jointly with Ambroise and Antonie
Occupied by the Duchy of Milan under the governorship of Blaise Assereto from October 3, 1436 to November 1436
Jean I	November 1436 – May 8, 1454	Third of three reigns
Catalan, Lord of Monaco	May 8, 1454 – July 1457
Claudine	July 1457 – March 16, 1458
Pomelline Fregoso	July 1457 – March 16, 1458	Regent for Lady Claudine
Lambert	March 16, 1458 – March 1494
Jean II	March 1494 – October 11, 1505
Lucien	October 11, 1505 – August 22, 1523
Honoré I	August 22, 1523 – October 7, 1581
Augustine Grimaldi	August 22, 1523 – April 14, 1532	Regent for Honoré I
Nicholas Grimaldi	April 14, 1532 – April 23, 1532	Regent for Honoré I
Étienne Grimaldi	April 23, 1532 – December 16, 1540	Regent for Honoré I
Charles II	October 7, 1581 – May 17, 1589
Hercule	May 17, 1589 – November 29, 1604
Honoré II	November 29, 1604 – January 10, 1662	Though he started his rule as Lord of Monaco, Honoré II later became the first Prince of Monaco⁴.
Prince Francis Landi of Valdetare	November 29, 1604 – 1616	Regent for Honoré II

[edit] Princes of Monaco

Name	Reign	Notes
Princes of Monaco (French: Princes de Monaco)
Honoré II	November 29, 1604 – January 10, 1662	Though he started his rule as the last Lord of Monaco, Honoré II later became Prince of Monaco⁴.
Louis I	January 10, 1662 – January 2, 1701	Louis I is not to be confused with Louis, an earlier Lord of Monaco².
Antoine I	January 2, 1701 – February 20, 1731
Louise-Hippolyte	February 26, 1731 – December 29, 1731
Jacques I	February 20, 1731 – December 31, 1731	Regent for Louise-Hippolyte until her death
Jacques I	December 31, 1731 – November 7, 1733
Chevalier de Grimaldi	May 20, 1732 – November 28, 1784	Regent for Honoré III
Honoré III	November 7, 1733 – January 19, 1793
Ruled by an elected National Convention and its president Joseph Barriera from January 19, 1793 – February 24, 1793
Annexed by France on February 14, 1793; under French occupation until June 17, 1814
Armand Louis de Gontant	February 24, 1793 – March 1, 1793	French commandant
Henri Grégoire	? – ?	French commissioner
Grégoire Marie Jagot	? – ?	French commissioner
Under allied occupation from May 17, 1814 to June 17, 1814
Honoré IV	May 30, 1814 – February 16, 1819
Joseph Marie Jerôme Honoré Grimaldi,	June 17, 1814 – June 23, 1814	Regent for Honoré IV
The State Council of Monaco, consisting of Louis Millo-Terrazzani, Horace Pretti de Saint-Ambroise, Antoine Sigaldi, Joseph Rey, and Honoré Albini, ruled on behalf of Honoré IV from June 23, 1814 to March 4, 1819.
Honoré Grimaldi	March 3, 1815 – February 16, 1819	Regent for his father Honoré IV in his old age; became Honoré V upon his father's death
Honoré V	February 16, 1819 – October 2, 1841
Florestan I	October 2, 1841 – June 20, 1856
Charles III	June 20, 1856 – September 10, 1889
Albert I	September 10, 1889 – June 26, 1922
Louis II	June 26, 1922 – May 9, 1949
Rainier III	May 9, 1949 – April 6, 2005
Prince Albert, Marquis of Baux	March 31, 2005 – April 6, 2005	The Crown Council of Monaco named Albert Regent for his father Rainier III while incapacitated; became Albert II upon his father's death
Albert II	April 6, 2005 – Present

[edit] Notes

History of Monaco

Rock of Monaco
House of Grimaldi
List of rulers
Franco-Monegasque Treaty

François Grimaldi is often cited as the principality's first ruler, though he was simply the leader of the group which seized the Rock of Monaco on 8 January 1297. François's cousin Rainier I, Lord of Cagnes, was, in fact, the first sovereign Grimaldi ruler of the area now known as Monaco. His successor Charles I, who retook the Rock after thirty years of Genoese rule, was the first true Lord of Monaco, and is thus widely considered the founder of the dynasty.
Three men named Louis have ruled Monaco: Louis, Lord of Monaco, twice in the 1390s and early 1400s; Prince Louis I from 1662 to 1701; and Prince Louis II from 1922 to 1949.
Jean I ruled or co-ruled for three separate periods. During the second, after the death of his co-ruler Antonie and the abdication of Ambroise in 1427, he continued as sole ruler, thus assuming a Roman numeral I in later historical texts.
Starting in 1612, Honoré II was the first Monegasque ruler to add the personal style of Prince to his former title, Lord of Monaco; this became official when Philip IV of Spain recognized Monaco as a principality in 1633. It may be added that, through possession of territories in Italy, the Grimaldi rulers of Monaco were already entitled to the designation of prince, in a personal capacity.

[edit] See also

[edit] References

Burke's Royal Families of the World, Vol. 1: Europe and Latin America. London: Burke's Publishing Co., 1977. ISBN 0-85011-029-7.
Cahoon, Benjamin. Monaco. World Statesmen. Retrieved on March 16, 2005.
Velde, François. Monaco. Heraldica. Retrieved on March 25, 2005.