MacGillivray's Warbler

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MacGillivray's Warbler
MacGillivray's Warbler by Bruce Horsfall
Conservation status
Least Concern
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Passeriformes Family: Parulidae Genus: Oporornis Species: O. tolmiei
Binomial name
Oporornis tolmiei (Townsend, 1839)

The MacGillivray's Warbler, Oporornis tolmiei, is a small species of New World warbler. Like all members of the genus Oporornis, it is a sluggish and heavy warbler with a short tail, preferring to spend most of its time on or near the ground, except when singing.

The MacGillivray's Warbler was named by John James Audubon in honor of Scottish ornithologist William MacGillivray, even though proper credit to its discovery goes to John Kirk Townsend. The scientific name "tolmiei" is in honor of William Fraser Tolmie.

An adult MacGillivray's Warbler will grow to be about 13 cm {5 to 6 inches} in length. It is an olive-green color on top and dull yellow below. Males have a black head and breast, while females and immature birds have a dingy light gray head. They have a white eye-ring that surround their eyes. MacGillivray's Warblers are almost identical to their eastern counterpart the Mourning Warbler, with the only real difference between the two species being the Mourning Warbler's lack of an eye-ring.

MacGillivray's Warblers are migratory and spend summer in the temporate forests of the western United States and boreal forests of west Canada. In the fall they will migrate back to Central America, where they will stay for winter in the temperate shrublands.

Contents 1 References 2 External Links 3 Further reading 3.1 Books 3.2 Thesis 3.3 Articles

[edit] References

• BirdLife International (2004). Oporornis tolmiei. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 09 May 2006. Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern

[edit] External Links

• MacGillivray's Warbler Information - South Dakota Birds and Birding
• MacGillivray's Warbler - Oporornis tolmiei - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
• MacGillivray's Warbler Species Account - Cornell Lab of Ornithology

[edit] Further reading

[edit] Books

• Miller S, Erickson CW, Taber RD & Nellis CH. (1972). Small Mammal and Bird Populations on Thompson Site Cedar River Parameters for Modeling. In Franklin, Jerry F, L J Dempster and Richard H Waring (Edited by) Research on Coniferous Forest Ecosystems: First Year Progress in the Coniferous Forest Biome, Us Ibp (Int Biome Prog) Proceedings of a Symposium, Bellingham, Washington, March 23-24, 1972 322 P Illus Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Portland, Oregon 199-207, 1972.

• Pitocchelli, J. 1995. MacGillivray’s Warbler (Oporornis tolmiei). In The Birds of North America, No. 159 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C.

• Zinkl JG, Henny CJ & Shea PJ. (1979). Brain Cholin Esterase Activities of Passerine Birds in Forests Sprayed with Cholin Esterase Inhibiting Insecticides. In Nielsen, S W, G Migaki and D G Scarpelli (Ed) Animals as Monitors of Environmental Pollutants; Symposium, Storrs, Conn, USA, 1977 Xii+421p National Academy of Sciences: Washington, DC, USA Illus Maps Paper P356-365, 1979.

[edit] Thesis

• Hagar JC. Ph.D. (2004). Functional relationships among songbirds, arthropods, and understory vegetation in Douglas-fir forests, western Oregon. Oregon State University, United States -- Oregon.

[edit] Articles

• Austin GT. (1968). Additional Bird Records for Southern Nevada USA Oporornis-Tolmiei Oxyura-Jamaicensis Haliaeetus-Leucocephalus Coloumbigallina-Passerina Buteo-Lagopus Gallinula-Chloropus. Auk. vol 85, no 4.

• Baillie JL. (1969). 3 Additional Ontario Birds. Ontario Field Biologist. vol 23, no 34.

• Berger J, Stacey PB, Bellis L & Johnson MP. (2001). A mammalian predator-prey imbalance: Grizzly bear and wolf extinction affect avian neotropical migrants. Ecological Applications. vol 11, no 4. p. 947-960.

• Bielefeldt J. (1973). A Possible Macgillivrays Warbler in Waukesha County. Passenger Pigeon. vol 35, no 1.

• Blakesley JA & Reese KP. (1988). Avian Use of Campground and Noncampground Sites in Riparian Zones. Journal of Wildlife Management. vol 52, no 3. p. 399-402.

• Bulluck L, Fleishman E, Betrus C & Blair R. (2006). Spatial and temporal variations in species occurrence rate affect the accuracy of occurrence models. Global Ecology & Biogeography. vol 15, no 1. p. 27-38.

• Carlisle JD & Holberton RL. (2006). Relative efficiency of fecal versus regurgitated samples for assessing diet and the deleterious effects of a tartar emetic on migratory birds. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol 77, no 2. p. 126-135.

• Cohrs D, Cohrs D & Wyand A. (1991). MacGillivray's Warbler banded on Jekyll Island. Oriole. vol 56, no 2-3. p. 47-49.

• Cox GW. (1973). Hybridization between Mourning Warblers and Macgillivrays Warblers. Auk. vol 90, no 1. p. 190-191.

• Deweese LR, Henny CJ, Floyd RL, Bobal KA & Shultz AW. (1979). Response of Breeding Birds to Aerial Sprays of Trichlorfon Dylox and Carbaryl Sevin-4-Oil in Montana USA Forests. U S Fish & Wildlife Service Special Scientific Report Wildlife. vol 224, p. 1-29.

• Ely CA, Latas PJ & Lohoefener RR. (1977). Additional Returns and Recoveries of North American Birds Banded in Southern Mexico. Bird Banding. vol 48, no 3. p. 275-276.

• Hagar JC. Ph.D. (2004). Functional relationships among songbirds, arthropods, and understory vegetation in Douglas-fir forests, western Oregon. Oregon State University, United States -- Oregon.

• Hall GA. (1979). Hybridization between Mourning Warbler Oporornis-Philadelphia and Macgillivarays Warbler Oporornis-Tolmiei. Bird Banding. vol 50, no 2. p. 101-107.

• Hutto RL. (1981). Seasonal Variation in the Foraging Behavior of Some Migratory Western Wood Warblers. Auk. vol 98, no 4. p. 765-777.

• Mahler GR. (1977). Mourning Warbler. North American Bird Bander. vol 2, no 3.

• Martin TE. (1996). Fitness costs of resource overlap among coexisting bird species. Nature. vol 380, no 6572. p. 338-340.

• Martin TE. (1998). Are microhabitat preferences of coexisting species under selection and adaptive?. Ecology. vol 79, no 2. p. 656-670.

• Martin TE, Scott J & Menge C. (2000). Nest predation increases with parental activity: Separating nest site and parental activity effects. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B. vol 267, no 1459. p. 2287-2293.

• Mila B, Girman DJ, Kimura M & Smith TB. (2000). Genetic evidence for the effect of a postglacial population expansion on the phylogeography of a North American songbird. Proceedings of the Royal Society Biological Sciences Series B. vol 267, no 1447. p. 1033-1040.

• Morrison ML. (1981). The Structure of Western Warbler Assemblages Analysis of Foraging Behavior and Habitat Selection in Oregon USA. Auk. vol 98, no 3. p. 578-588.

• Morrison ML & Meslow EC. (1983). Bird Community Structure on Early Growth Clear Cuts in Western Oregon USA. American Midland Naturalist. vol 110, no 1. p. 129-137.

• Patti ST & Myers ML. (1976). A Probable Mourning Warbler Macgillivrays Warbler Hybrid. Wilson Bulletin. vol 88, no 3.

• Pitocchelli J. (1990). Plumage Morphometric and Song Variation in Mourning Oporornis-Philadelphia and Macgillivray's Oporornis-Tolmiei Warblers. Auk. vol 107, no 1. p. 161-171.

• Pranty B, Anderson BH, Boyd JH, III, Duncan B, Duncan L, Ewell C, Hansen B, Menk G, Miller P, Powell D & Powell P. (2006). Field observations - Fall report: August-November 2005. Florida Field Naturalist. vol 34, no 2. p. 55-68.

• Revels M. (1996). Eight new host species for the parasitic blow fly genus Protocalliphora (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Wilson Bulletin. vol 108, no 1. p. 189-190.

• Scott VE & Crouch GL. (1987). Response of Breeding Birds to Commercial Clearcutting of Aspen in Southwestern Colorado USA. U S Forest Service Research Note RM. vol 475, p. 1-5.

• Tyler JD. (2000). Noteworthy bird records for southwestern Oklahoma and north central Texas. Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science. vol 80, p. 111-114.