Manchurian Elm
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| Ulmus laciniata Trautv. |
Manchurian Elm Ulmus laciniata Trautv. is a deciduous tree found throughout the broadleaved forests of the Far East, including Japan, at elevations of between 700 m and 2200 m. It is very closely related to the Wych Elm Ulmus glabra and is easily distinguished by its leaves, which are often deeply incised to form between three and seven apical lobes, giving rise to its common synonym, the Cut-leaf Elm[1]. The tree can reach a height of 27 m, the trunk rarely exceeding 0.5 m d.b.h. (diameter at breast height). The bark is dark, grey brown and exfoliates in flakes. The branchlets are unwinged.
The laciniate leaves are usually obtriangular, and up to 18 cm in length. The wind-pollinated petal-less flowers are produced on second-year shoots in April, followed by elliptic < 20 mm x 14 mm samarae in May.
The species was introduced to the West in 1905, but remains uncommon in cultivation. It was comprehensively evaluated in the Netherlands in the 1950s as a potential source of anti-fungal genes for use in the Dutch elm hybridization programme, but was found intolerant of all but the most sheltered and humid conditions. Specimens planted at the Sir Harold Hillier Gardens and as part of Butterfly Conservation's elm trials at Great Fontley Farm, Fareham, England, have confirmed the Dutch assessment. Moreover, in trials in Oklahoma, it was heavily to severely damaged by elm leaf beetles [2].
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[edit] Arboreta etc accessions
[edit] North America
- Arnold Arboretum, acc. no. 17909 wild collected, 250-2001 wild collected in Korea.
- Denver Botanic Gardens, neither acc. no. nor origin disclosed.
- Morton Arboretum acc. no. 50-95 wild collected, Liaoning Province, China.
[edit] Europe
- Hortus Botanicus Nationalis, Salaspils, Latvia acc. no. 18132,3,4,5,8.
- Sir Harold Hillier Gardens, acc. no. 1982.0003, Area PC 700, origin undisclosed (NB. in very poor condition 2006)
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, acc. no. 20022150, origin undisclosed.
- Oxford University Botanic Garden, acc. no. 1981061.1, origin undisclosed.
- Great Fontley Farm, Hampshire, England, acc. no. Platts-1 from seed collected Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
[edit] Nurseries
[edit] Synonymy
- Ulmus laciniata f. holophylla Nakai
- Ulmus major Hohenacker var. heterophylla Maximowicz
- Ulmus montana With. var. laciniata Trautvetter
[edit] References
- Brookes, A. H. (2006). An evaluation of disease-resistant hybrid and exotic elms as larval host plants for the White-letter Hairstreak butterfly Satyrium w-album, Part 1. Butterfly Conservation, Lulworth, UK.
- Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) Flora of China, Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. [5]
- Ware, G. (1995). Little-known elms from China: landscape tree possibilities. Journal of Arboriculture, (Nov. 1995). International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, Illinois, USA. [6].
- White, J & More, D. (2003). Trees of Britain & Northern Europe. Cassell's, London.
