Marcus Tullius Cicero (character of Rome)

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Rome character
Marcus Tullius Cicero
Name	Marcus Tullius Cicero
Portrayed by	David Bamber
Class	Patrician
Family	None mentioned
Allies	Optimates Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus Cato the Younger Scipio Gaius Cassius Longinus Quintus Valerius Pompey Marcus Junius Brutus
Enemies	Gaius Julius Caesar Marcus Antonius
Appearances	1-1 "The Stolen Eagle" 1-2 "How Titus Pullo Brought Down the Republic" 1-10 "Triumph" 1-11 "The Spoils" 1-12 "Kalends of February" 2-1 "Passover" 2-2 "Son of Hades" 2-3 "These Being the Words of Marcus Tullius Cicero" 2-4 "Testudo et Lepus (The Tortoise and the Hare)"

Marcus Tullius Cicero is a historical figure who features as a character in the HBO/BBC2 original television series Rome, played by David Bamber. He is depicted as a moderate politician and scholar, who seems to "ride out" the events of history, rather than to shape them. The real Cicero was a Roman politician, writer, and orator.

[edit] Personality

Cicero's character is a generally spineless and pliant individual, who can constantly be found to be associated with the winning side or the side seeming to be the most powerful. Cicero's character is intelligent and articulate, and comments ironically and bitterly about his (and Brutus') cowardice, but on only one occasion does he actually attempt to take any action to back his anti-Caesarian views, and on that occasion the attempt is abortive as he allows himself to be bullied out of it by Antony. Overall, Rome's Cicero is an emasculated character, aware of his own cowardice and spinelessness but powerless or unwilling to change them.

[edit] Character history

Cicero is portrayed as a political ally of Pompey Magnus, whose senatorial clout is huge; according to Pompey "the moderates follow [Cicero] like sheep." Cicero is convinced by Pompey to use his influence to pass a resolution requiring Caesar to disband his armies and forgo his imperium, which would leave Caesar open to prosecution for treason by his political enemies. Cicero agrees to this assuming that the bill will be vetoed by Mark Antony, but the veto is prevented by a spontaneous outbreak of violence. When Caesar marches on Rome in response, Cicero travels with the Pompeian faction, but surrenders to Caesar after the Battle of Pharsalus and is granted amnesty along with his close friend Brutus. Because of this, Cicero comes to consider himself a coward and a turncoat. He briefly attempts to conspire against Caesar with Brutus, but is intimidated out of doing this by Antony. After this incident, Cicero refrains from any active plotting, confining himself to a (largely fruitless) political opposition to Caesar's initiatives. He is therefore not involved in the plot to kill Caesar.

Following Ceaser's death, Cicero was forced into a mutually displeasing working relationship with Consul Mark Antony. Despite the fact that the two hated each other, Antony needed Cicero to run the senate. Cicero was well aware of Antony's hatred, and was not shy about expressing his own distaste for the man.

What Antony didn't realize was that his control over Cicero was not absolute. The political leader had struck up an alliance with Octavian. Already on his way out of Rome, he left a message to Antony to be read before the Senate. However, it was not the expected proposal to grant him governership of Gaul, but rather a mocking, scathing critisism of his character, calling him a "drink-sodden, sex-addled wreck." Antony behaved entirely as Cicero planned, killing the unfortunate Senator tasked with reading the message, in full view of the Senate. As of Testudo et Lepus, it appears Cicero has the upper hand.

Cicero was eventually killed by Titus Pullo, at the orders of Octavian Caesar. He learns of this order beforehand, but chooses to face his death instead of run, sending a letter to Brutus and Cassius informing them of the alliance of Octavian and Mark Antony. Cicero then engages in a friendly conversation with his killer before exposing his neck to the sword, unaware to the fact that his letter was intercepted by an oblivious Vorenus. Cicero's hands are later seen being nailed to the senate doors by Pullo, as Antony had promised would happen should Cicero turn against him.

[edit] Comparison to the historical Marcus Tullius Cicero

Rome's portrayal of the historical Cicero is somewhat one-sided. Although the show portrays Cicero as an opportunist, the historical Cicero was a courageous intellectual who, by dint of his talent, learning, and rhetorical ability, had risen through the ranks of the Republic to become the last of her novi homines. He had a history of public and vocal opposition to real and would-be tyrants such as Sulla and Catiline, as well as their subordinates. The narrative of the series does not allude to any of these past troubles of the Roman Republic, nor of Cicero's role in them.

Nevertheless, the show is accurate in depicting Cicero's reluctance to transform his courageous speeches against tyrants into courageous action against them. Plutarch tells us that, although Caesar's assassins were well aware of Cicero's opposition to Caesar, they did not include him in their plot "lest, to his own disposition, which was naturally timorous, adding now the weariness and caution of old age, by his weighing, as he would do, every particular, that he might not make one step without the greatest security, he should blunt the edge of their forwardness and resolution in a business which required all the despatch imaginable.[1]"

Additionally, Cicero did not leave Italy with Pompey's army to Greece, but waited longer to make up his mind. After a dinner with Julius Caesar, he slipped out of the country to join Pompey in Greece.