Matochkin Strait
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Matochkin Shar, or Matochkin Strait (Russian: Ма́точкин Шар) is a strait between Severny and Yuzhny Islands of Novaya Zemlya. It connects the Barents Sea and the Kara Sea. The banks along the strait are high and steep. Its length is approximately 100 km, its width (in its narrowest part)—approximately 0.6 km. The strait is covered with ice for the most part of the year. There are fishing settlements along the strait (Matochkin Shar, Stolbovoy).
It is also the site where from 1963 to 1990 about 39 underground nuclear tests took place in a vast array of tunnels and shafts. After 2000, the Russians started to reactivate the test site by enlarging old tunnels and starting construction work. Each summer since then various subcritical hydronuclear experiments took place. In 2004, Rosatom reportedly performed a series of subcritical hydronuclear experiments with up to 100 g of weapon-grade plutonium each.
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