Maxillarieae

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Maxillarieae
Coconut Orchid (Maxillaria tenuifolia)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Liliopsida Order: Asparagales Family: Orchidaceae Subfamily: Epidendroideae Tribe: Maxillarieae
Genera
70-80, See text

Maxillarieae is a large and complex tribe of orchids native to South and Central America. Within the tribe there are eight subtribes one of which is the genus Maxillaria.

Tribe Maxillarieae contains 70 to 80 genera with about 1,000 species; most grow in tropical America as terrestrials or epiphytes, a few are myco-heterotrophs (formerly called saprophytes). Most show pseudobulbs, but a few have reedlike stems or thick underground stems. Blooms have four pollinia.

• Subtribe Corallorhizinae: all epiparasites.
  • Genera: Aplectrum, Corallorrhiza
• Subtribe Zygopetilinae: about 150 species. Most exhibited hybrids are to be found in this subtribe.
  • Alliance Warrea
    • Genera: Otostylis, Warrea
  • Alliance Zygopetalum
    • Genera: Acacallis, Aganisia, Batemannia, Bollea, Cheiradenia, Chondrorhyncha, Cochleanthes, Colax, Pabstia, Promenaea, Zygopetalum
  • Alliance Bollea
    • Genera: Bollea, Chondrorhyncha, Cochleanthes, Huntleya, Kefersteinia, Pescatoria, Stenia
  • Alliance Vargasiella
    • Genera: Vargasiella
  • Alliance Hybrids : of the 43 hybrids in this tribe, only Angulocaste is displayed frequently.
    • Genera: Aitkenara, Bateostylis, Bollopetalum, Chondrobollea, Cochella, Cochlecaste, Cochlenia, Downsara, Durutyara, Hamelwellsara, Huntleanthes, Kanzerara, Keferanthes, Lancebirkara, Otocolax, Otonisia, Palmerara, Rotorara, Zygocaste, Zygolum, Zygonisia, Zygostylis
• Subtribe Bifrenariinae: thin and pleated leaves.
  • Genera: Bifrenaria, Xylobium
• Subtribe Lycastinae: thin and pleated leaves.
  • Genera: Anguloa, Bifrenaria, Lycaste, Neomoorea, Rudolfiella, Teuscheria, Xylobium
• Subtribe Stanhopeinae:
  • Genera: Acineta, Archivea, Braemia, Cirrhaea, Coryanthes, Embreea, Gongora, Horichia, Houlletia, Jennyella, Kegeliella, Lacaena, Lueddemannia, Paphinia, Polycycnis, Schlimmia, Sievekingia, Jennyella, Soterosanthus, Stanhopea, Trevoria, Vasqueziella
• Subtribe Coeliopsidinae:
  • Genera: Coeliopsis, Lycomormium, Peristeria
• Subtribe Maxillariinae: largest subtribe with nearly half of the tribe species. The leathery leaves are conduplicate, i.e. folded together lengthwise.
  • Genera: Chrysocycnis, Cyrtidium, Maxillaria, Mormolyca, Pityphyllum, Scuticaria, Sepalosaccus, Trigonidium
• Subtribe Dichaeinae
  • Genera: Dichaea
• Subtribe Telipogoninae
  • Genera: Telipogon, Trichoceros
• Subtribe Ornithocephalinae
  • Genera: Ornithocephalus, Zygostates

[edit] Reference

• W. Mark Whitten, Norris H. Williams and Mark W. Chase (2000). "Subtribal and generic relationships of Maxillarieae (Orchidaceae) with emphasis on Stanhopeinae: combined molecular evidence". American Journal of Botany 87: 1842-1856.  - on line here