User:Merbabu/Revolution
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| This article is part of the History of Indonesia series |
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| Pre-colonial Indonesia (before 1602) |
| Srivijaya (3rd century–1400) |
| Sailendra (8th Century – 832) |
| Kingdom of Mataram (752–1045) |
| Kediri (1045–1221) |
| The Coming of Islam (1200–1600) |
| Singhasari (1222–1292) |
| Majapahit Empire (1293–1500) |
| Sultanate of Demak (1475–1518) |
| Mataram Sultanate (1500s to 1700s) |
| Dutch East Indies (1602–1945) |
| Anglo-Dutch Java War (1810–1811) |
| Padri War (1821–1837) |
| Java War (1825–1830) |
| Aceh War (1873–1904) |
| National Revival (1899–1942) |
| World War II battles (1941–1942) |
| Japanese Occupation (1942–1945) |
| Independence (1945–1965) |
| Declaration of Independence (1945) |
| National Revolution (1945–1950) |
| Asian-African Conference (1955) |
| Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation (1962–1965) |
| New Order (1965–1998) |
| Overthrow of Sukarno (1965–1966) |
| Act of Free Choice (1969) |
| Reformasi (1998–present) |
| Revolution of 1998 (1996–1998) |
| 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake (2004–present) |
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The Indonesian National Revolution or Indonesian War of Independence is the name of the armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between Indonesia and the Netherlands that took place between the time of Indonesia's declaration of independence in 1945 and the Netherlands' recognition of Indonesia's independence in 1949.
The struggle lasted four years and comprised sporadic military conflict, internal Indonesian political upheavals, and two international diplomatic interventions. Dutch forces were two weak to prevail over the inexperienced but determined Indonesians, but strong enough to resist being thrown out. Thus, the Republic of Indonesian ultimately won the Revolution by international persuasion as much as it did through armed conflict on Java and other islands.
The Dutch, weakened from World War II, gradually returned troops to Indonesia and it became obvious that independence would have to be fought for.
[edit] Background
In the self-created Indonesian army, Japanese-trained Indonesian officers prevailed over those trained by the former Dutch. Thirty year-old former school teacher Sudirman was elected 'commander-in-chief' at the first meeting of Division Commanders in Yogyakarta on 11 November 1945.[1]
[edit] Army acts independently
To some degree, the army was a union of volunteer militias that was only a few levels more sophisticated than provincial 'struggle organisations', and included followers of local prophets, bands organised byu jagos ('cocks-on-the-wall'), and even gangs of thugs.[1]
[edit] Armed conflicts
[edit] 2.1 Battle of Surabaya
As Dutch and other European internees returned to Surabaya, skirmishes broke out with armed pemuda.
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- 2.2 Bandung Sea of Fire
- 2.3 Massacre in Makassar
- 3 Dutch reaction
- 4 The Beginning of Negara Islam Indonesia Rebellion
- 5 Madiun Affair
- 6 RI Government in Exile
- 7 Indonesian offensive at Yogyakarta
- 8 Transfer of sovereignty
- 9 References
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- 9.1 General references and further reading
- 9.2 Notes
- 10 See also
