Mikveh Israel Cemetery
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Mikveh Israel Cemetery is the oldest Jewish cemetery in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, possibly in the USA. The site, less than 0.2 acre in size, is a registered historic place in Philadelphia and a national historic site administered by Independence National Historical Park (even though the expense of maintaining the cemetery is borne by sponsoring Congregation Mikveh Israel). It is located in the center city section of Philadelphia, on Spruce Street, near 8th Street, about two blocks west and four blocks south of Independence Hall.
Mikveh Israel Cemetery was originally a private burial ground for the family of Nathan Levy, whose ship, Myrtilla was long reputed to have transported the Liberty Bell from England to Philadelphia (though the snow Hibernia, captained by William Child, may actually have transported the bell in 1752). He acquired the land in 1738, expanded it, and donated the burial place in 1765 to the Sephardic synagogue Congregation Mikveh Israel (official name: קהל קדוש מקוה ישראל, Kahal Kadosh Mikveh Israel, or "Holy Congregation Hope of Israel"), founded in 1740 and still active in the 21st century.
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[edit] Burials
Many distinguished Americans are buried in Mikveh Israel Cemetery. They include:
- Nathan Levy ( -1753)
- Haym Solomon (1740-1785), patriot and financier of the American Revolution, arrived in New York in 1772, joined the Sons of Liberty, one of George Washington's personal friends, captured and sentenced to death by the British in 1776, used his knowledge of German (he spoke eight languages) to convince his Hessian jailer to escape with him to Philadelphia, where he arrived penniless
- Michael Gratz (1740-1811), signed the Non-Importation Resolutions of 1765 to protest the Stamp Act, encouraged the opening of the West to settlement
- Jacob Gratz (1790-1856), son of Michael Gratz, served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives and State Senate.
- Rebecca Gratz (1781-1869), daughter of Michael Gratz, noted for her philanthropy, regarded as the model for the character Rebecca in Walter Scott's Ivanhoe, and the first Jewish female college student in the United States (at Franklin College, later part of Franklin and Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania)
- Aaron Levy, founder of Aaronsburg, Centre County, Pennsylvania in 1786. Named for him, Aaronsburg is the first town in Pennsylvania (and probably in the entire United States) that was planned by and named after a Jewish person. A pioneer and fur trader, he was a close friend and financial supporter of Haym Salomon
- Benjamin Nones (1757-1826), born in France, he served on the staffs of both General Washington and General Lafayette. While still a private under Count Pulaski, he received a letter of commendation in 1779 written by Captain Verdier, a splendid testimonial to his courage. He fought in almost every action in the Carolinas. Nones became a Major of the Hebrew Legion of 400 men attached to DeKalb’s command. Several years after the war, he was appointed an interpreter of Spanish and French for the United States government.
- Phillip Moses Russell, surgeon’s mate to General Washington
- At least 21 Jewish soldiers of the Revolutionary War, and others from the War of 1812 and the Civil War, are interred in the burial grounds
The cemetery ceased to be a regular place of burial in 1886 except for the interment of Josephine Etting in 1913, Fanny Polano Elmaleh, wife of Reverend Leon H. Elmaleh, in 1966, and Reverend Leon H. Elmaleh in 1972.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Aerial photo - This aerial perspective photo barely shows tiny Mikveh Israel surrounded by taller buildings. The view looks eastward.
- Congregation Mikveh Israel's Web page about the cemetery
- Maps and aerial photos
- Street map from Google Maps or MapQuest
- Satellite image from Google Maps, Microsoft Virtual Earth, or WikiMapia
- Topographic map from TopoZone
- Aerial image or topographic map from TerraServer-USA
[edit] References
- Bulletin Almanac: 1976. Philadelphia: Bulletin Co., 1976. (p 292).
- Elmaleh, L.H., and J. Bunford Samuel. The Jewish Cemetery: Ninth and Spruce Streets, Philadelphia. (1906, revised 1962).
- "Gratz Family". The Universal Jewish Encyclopedia. 1941, Volume V.
- Wolf, Edwin, II, and Maxwell Whiteman. The History of the Jews of Philadelphia from Colonial Times to the Age of Jackson. (1957).
- Wolf, Edwin, II, and Maxwell Whiteman. Haym Salomon: The Patriotic Money Manipulator. Philadelphia Inquirer (1976).
