Morgan horse
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Morgan is one of the first horse breeds developed in the United States.[1] Tracing back to Figure, the breed excels in many disciplines, and is known for its versatility.
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[edit] Breed characteristics
The Morgan is compact and refined in build, with strong limbs, an expressive face, large eyes, well-defined withers, laid back shoulders and a well arched neck. There is officially one Breed Standard for Morgan type regardless of the discipline or bloodline of the individual horse.[1]
Registered Morgans come in a variety of colors although they are most commonly bay, black, and chestnut. Less common colors include gray, palomino, roan, cremello, perlino, smoky cream, smoky black, silver dapple, sabino, frame and splash overo, dun, and buckskin. [2]
The breed standard ranges from 14.1-15.2 hands (1.45 to 1.57 meters) with some individuals over and under. [1]Morgans under 14.2 can be shown in open "Pony" competitions, even though they are technically horses, regardless of height, and are usually exhibited as such.
[edit] Breed history
Morgans trace back to one foundation sire named Figure [3]. The stallion was born in West Springfield, Massachusetts in 1789. The small, dark colt is now believed to have been sired by the English Thoroughbred "True Briton", also known as "Beautiful Bay" and "Traveller," who was foaled in 1768. His dam was of Wild-air breeding, sired by Diamond, foaled in 1784 in West Springfield, Massachusetts. The bay mare was, in fact, bred by Justin Morgan, for whom the breed is named. Figure is thought to have stood about 14 hh (1.42 m), and to have weighed about 950 lb (430 kg).
In 1792, Figure was advertised for stud before he was given as a payment for a debt to Justin Morgan (1747-1798), a singing teacher and one-time Randolph, Vermont Town Clerk. Justin Morgan owned Figure from 1792-1795, advertising him for stud in Lebanon, New Hampshire and Randolph, Vermont (1793), Randolph and Royalton, Vermont (1794), and Williston and Hinesburg, VT (1795). Figure was then lent out to Robert Evans in the fall of 1795 to clear land for a Mr. Fisk at a rate of $15.00 a year.
Justin Morgan later traded the horse for land in Moretown, Vermont, to a Samuel Allen, who then sold the stallion later that year to William Rice of Woodstock, VT.
In 1796, Figure raced in a Sweepstakes in Brookfield, VT, beating New York horses to win $50. That year, he was advertised at stud by Johnathan Shepard of Montpelier, Vermont, who also raced him in several match races in which he did well. Figure became known as the "Justin Morgan horse."
Figure was traded again in 1797, along with a blacksmith shop, to James Hawkins. It is not known what became of him until 1801, when he was in the possession of Robert Evans of Randolph, Vermont. Evans owned the horse until 1804, using the stallion for logging, racing, and breeding, until he fell into debt to Colonel John Goss. Goss collected the horse as part of the debt, and used him to review troops and also entered him in a pulling bee, which the little horse won. He later traded Figure for a mare owned by his brother, David Goss, in 1805.
David Goss owned Figure from 1805-1811, where he worked on the farm for 10 months, and was used for breeding for two months each year. He was sold in 1811 to Philip Goss for the breeding season. Philip Goss then sold Figure to Jacob Sanderson, who sold him to Jacob Langmeade. Langmeade used the horse to haul freight, and is thought to have abused the aging stallion.
Langmeade sold Figure to Joel Goss and Joseph Rogers at the end of 1811. Figure stood at stud for several years, before he was sold to Samuel Stone in 1817. Stone exhibited the stallion in the Randolph fair. Figure was used as a parade mount by President James Monroe later that year.
In 1819, Figure was sold to his final owner, Levi Bean of Chelsea, Vermont. Toward the end of his life, Figure was put out to pasture without shelter to fend for himself. He died in 1821 from an injury to the flank, caused by a kick, at the age of 32. Figure is now buried in Tunbridge, Vermont.
The popular children's book, Justin Morgan Had A Horse by Marguerite Henry, has unfortunately tended to perpetuate some misconceptions about the breeding of Figure (in the book called "Little Bub") and his early life. There is far less mystery about Figure's ancestry than is popularly supposed. This has, however, been widely researched by celebrated artist and author, Jeanne Mellin, in her work entitled The Complete Morgan Horse.
Figure was also known for his prepotency, passing on his good looks, conformation, temperament, and athleticism.
[edit] Continuing the Breed
The breed's trotting ability made it a favorite for harness racing in the 1840s. Morgans were also used in the Civil War as cavalry mounts, including Sheridan's "Rienzi"[4] and Stonewall Jackson's "Little Sorrel". In the post-civil war era, Morgans were also used in the Pony Express and as mounts for the cavalry in the western United States. The only survivor of the Custer regiment from The Battle of Little Bighorn was the Morgan-Mustang mixed breed horse Comanche.
The first volume of the Morgan Horse Register was published in 1894. Since then, more than 132,000 Morgan Horses have been registered. The stud book was closed in 1948 in an effort to preserve the breed. The Morgan has also influenced several other breeds, including the Standardbred, Tennessee Walker, American Quarter Horse, and the American Saddlebred. Nearly 90% of Saddlebred horses today have Morgan blood.
The first national Morgan Horse competition was held in 1973 in Detroit, and is now held each October in Oklahoma City, OK. In addition to the Morgan Grand National, there are 10 regional championship shows and many other official (referred to as "Class A") shows. Morgans also compete in all-breed shows, 4H shows, and combined driving events.
At class A shows, Morgans compete In Hand, English Pleasure, Park, Western pleasure, Carriage Driving, Pleasure Driving, Hunt Seat, Trail, Roadster, Parade, Reining, and Dressage. In a qualifying class, performance is to be 60% of consideration in judging, and conformation to be 40%. Championship classes are judged with 50% consideration to each. The exceptions to this are the trail classes and in hand classes, which give full consideration to performance and conformation, respectively.
The classic type of Morgan is generally quite good at the Olympic disciplines as well (show jumping, dressage, and eventing), making the Morgan one of the most versatile breeds of horse.
[edit] State Symbols
In 1961, the Morgan horse was named the official state animal of Vermont.[2]
In 1970, the Morgan horse was named the official state horse of Massachusetts [3]
[edit] References
- ^ a b Judging Standards
- ^ [http://www.morganhorse.com/pdf/ColorMarkingsGuidelines.pdf
- ^ Pedigree of Figure
- ^ [Pedigree of Reinzi
[edit] External links
- The American Morgan Horse Association
- Grand National & World Championship Morgan Horse Show
- Morgan Horse Association UK
- The International Morgan Connection Magazine
- Canadian Morgan Horse Association
- Morgan stallion information
- http://www.morganphotoarchive.com Historical photographs
- Foundation Morgan Horse Society
- FoundationMorganHorse.com
- The Lippitt Club - club dedicated to the Lippitt strain of the Morgan line
- University of Vermont Morgan Horse Farm
- Rainbow Morgan Horse Association for Colorful Morgans
- Morgan Colors
- The Silver Dapple Morgans Project
