Munich air disaster

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This article is about the crash of the Manchester United aircraft: for the 1960 accident, see Munich air accident (1960).

On the February 6, 1958, the British European Airways Flight 609 crashed in a blizzard on its third attempt to take off from an icy runway at the Munich-Riem airport in Germany. On board the plane was the Manchester United football team, nicknamed at the time as the Busby Babes, along with a number of supporters and journalists. Twenty-three of the 43 passengers on board the aircraft died in the disaster.

The flight was operated by British European Airways as a "Elizabethan" class Airspeed Ambassador charter aircraft G-ALZU Lord Burghley.

Contents 1 Background 2 The crash 3 Manchester United after the crash 4 Tributes 4.1 Music 4.2 Film 4.3 Television 5 Victims 5.1 Manchester United players 5.2 Other victims 6 Survivors 6.1 Manchester United players 6.2 Other survivors 7 See also 8 References 9 Notes 10 External links

[edit] Background

The European Cup had been contested since 1955, although no English club took part in the very first tournament on account of Football League rules. Manchester United entered the 1956-57 tournament and reached the semi-finals, being knocked out by eventual winners Real Madrid; they were thus one of the favourites for the 1957-58 tournament. Domestic league matches were played on Saturdays and European matches were played in midweek, so although air travel was risky at the time, it was the only practical choice if United were to fulfil their league fixtures.^[1] Their team was known as the Busby Babes, a reference to their manager Matt Busby and to the average age of the players, which was unusually young.

The club had chartered an aeroplane to fly them home from their European Cup match against the Yugoslavian team Red Star Belgrade, which ended in a 3-3 draw (United won the tie 5-4 on aggregate). The take-off from Belgrade was delayed for an hour as the United player Johnny Berry had lost his passport,^[2] then the plane made a scheduled stop in Munich to refuel.

[edit] The crash

Captain James Thain, the pilot, tried to take off twice, but both attempts were aborted due to engine surging. When a third take off was attempted, at 3:04pm, the plane failed to gain adequate height and crashed into the fence surrounding the airport, then into a house, which was unoccupied at the time.

Although the crash was originally blamed on pilot error, it was subsequently found to have been caused by the build-up of slush towards the ends of the runway, causing deceleration of the aircraft and preventing safe flying speed from being attained. During the take off the aircraft had attained a speed of 117 kt but on entering the slush speed dropped to 105 kt, too slow for flight with not enough runway remaining to abort the take off. Aircraft with tail-wheel undercarriages had not been greatly affected by slush, due to the geometry of these undercarriages in relation to the aircraft's centre of gravity, but newer types, such as the Ambassador, with nosewheel landing-gear and the main wheels behind the centre of gravity were found to be vulnerable. The accident resulted in the instigation of operating limits for the amount of slush build-up permitted on runways.

Despite this conclusion, the West German authorities (who were legally responsible for the state of the airport's runways) took legal action against Captain Thain, claiming he had taken-off without de-icing the wings sufficiently and that responsibility for the accident was his alone, despite several witnesses stating that this was not so. The basis of the German authorities' case relied on a photograph of the aircraft (published in several newspapers - shown right) taken shortly before take off, that appeared to show snow on the upper wing surfaces. When the original negative was examined, however, no snow or ice could be seen, the 'snow' having been due to the published pictures being produced from a copy-negative. For some reason the witnesses were not called to the German enquiry and proceedings against Thain dragged on until 1968, when he was finally cleared of any responsibility for the crash. Thain, having been dismissed by BEA shortly after the accident, retired and returned to run his poultry farm in Berkshire. He died of a heart attack at the age of 53, in 1975.

[edit] Manchester United after the crash

Seven of Manchester United's players died immediately, and Duncan Edwards died from his injuries on 21 February. Two other players had to retire because of their injuries. Matt Busby was seriously injured and had to stay in hospital for some time after the crash, and was read his last rites twice. There was speculation that the club would fold, but a threadbare United team completed the 1957-1958 season, with United's coach Jimmy Murphy standing in as manager.^[3] A team largely made up of reserves and youth team players beat Sheffield Wednesday 3–0 in the first match after the disaster. Poignantly, the programme for that match showed simply a blank space where each United player's name should have been.

Although the team's league results were poor they reached the final of the F.A. Cup, losing 2–0 to Bolton Wanderers. Busby resumed managerial duties the following season and eventually built a second generation of Busby Babes, including George Best and Denis Law, that went on to win the European Cup a decade after the disaster in 1968, beating Benfica. Crash survivors Bobby Charlton and Bill Foulkes were two of the other players who lined up in that team.

To this day, some fans of opposing clubs, particularly local rivals Manchester City, will mime plane crashes and taunt United fans about the crash when their teams play against Manchester United.^[4][5]

[edit] Tributes

[edit] Music

• The English folk band The Spinners released a song about the disaster, titled The Flowers of Manchester, in 1962.
• The Mancunian singer Morrissey released a song called "Munich Air Disaster, 1958" (as a b-side to Irish Blood, English Heart) in 2004, and performed it live several times that year. It later appeared on his live album Live at Earls Court in 2005.
• The English band The Futureheads named their album News and Tributes in honour of the disaster (using a headline from The Daily Mirror). The title track pays tribute to those who lost their lives including the verse,

"Cut down in their prime, In silence, on that day, February 58, they got what they need, From Belgrade and back home to sleep"

• British pop/folk artist Iain Matthews recorded an a cappella song called "Busby's Babes" about his youthful reaction to the tragedy. It's found on "Pure & Crooked", from 1990.

[edit] Film

Barry Navidi is currently working on a script for a Hollywood film about the Munich air crash. The Manchester Evening News (April 22, 2005) reported that the survivors had not been consulted and were concerned about how accurate the film would be. Bill Foulkes was quoted as saying, "If the film was made properly and was respectful to those who perished, it could be a tribute to the Busby Babes which could be seen for generations to come. And those great players who died that day deserve to be remembered. But what worries me is that none of the survivors have been contacted by the film-makers. And without that first hand knowledge, I don't believe it is possible to make a film like this with any degree of accuracy." Harry Gregg said, "I am sure all of us who were lucky enough to survive the crash have the right to know how we are going to be depicted in the film. Even more important is what the film might say about our team-mates who died that day. They left behind wives and children who are still alive and people over in Hollywood need to take their feelings into consideration before making a film like this." John Doherty, a United player who had not travelled to Belgrade because of injury, was less restrained: "I think it's a terrible idea. It couldn't possibly be a tribute to the Busby Babes, because whoever is making the film doesn't know the people involved. Unless you were there, how could you know what conversations took place? ... As far as I'm concerned, the whole thing stinks. The only reason anyone would want to make a film like this is to make money."

[edit] Television

On Tuesday 10 January 2006 the BBC showed a drama/documentary retelling the story in the series Surviving Disasters. Its end credits contained many Lithuanian names, and the plane's airspeed indicator was labelled with the Russian word СКОРОСТЬ (= "speed"), the film was made in Lithuania S. Darius and S. Girėnas Airport using an ex-Soviet plane.

[edit] Victims

[edit] Manchester United players

• Geoff Bent
• Roger Byrne
• Eddie Colman
• Duncan Edwards
• Mark Jones
• David Pegg
• Tommy Taylor
• Liam Whelan

[edit] Other victims

• Walter Crickmer - Club secretary
• Bert Whalley - Chief Coach
• Tom Curry - Trainer
• Alf Clarke - Journalist, Manchester Evening Chronicle
• Don Davies - Journalist, Manchester Guardian
• George Follows - Journalist, Daily Herald
• Tom Jackson - Journalist, Manchester Evening News
• Archie Ledbrooke - Journalist, Daily Mirror
• Henry Rose - Journalist, Daily Express
• Eric Thompson - Journalist, Daily Mail
• Frank Swift - Journalist, News of the World (also former England and Manchester City goalkeeper)
• Capt Kenneth "Ken" Rayment - co-pilot. Mr Rayment, a British man, suffered multiple injuries in the crash and died three weeks later as a result of brain damage. He was one of two people who died in hospital after being injured in the crash. (the other being Duncan Edwards)
• Bela Miklos - Travel Agent
• Willie Satinoff - Supporter
• Tom Cable - Steward

[edit] Survivors

[edit] Manchester United players

• Johnny Berry
• Jackie Blanchflower
• Dennis Viollet
• Ray Wood

Still living:

• Sir Bobby Charlton
• Bill Foulkes
• Harry Gregg
• Ken Morgans
• Albert Scanlon

[edit] Other survivors

• Matt Busby - Team manager
• Frank Taylor - Journalist
• James Thain - Captain
• George (Bill) Rodgers - Radio officer
• Peter Howard - Photographer

Still living:

• Ted Ellyard - Photographer
• Mrs Vera Lukic and baby daughter Venona - Passengers (saved by Manchester United player Harry Gregg)
• Mrs Miklos - Wife of Bela Miklos, the travel agent that arranged trip and died in the crash
• Mr N Tomasevic - Passenger
• Rosemary Cheverton - Stewardess
• Margaret Bellis - Stewardess

[edit] See also

• Manchester United F.C.
• Manchester United 1945-1969
• List of accidents and incidents on commercial airliners
• An American military aircraft crashed in central Munich in 1960.
• The Torino A.C. side known as Il Grande Torino that dominated post-war Italian football was lost in an air crash at Superga in 1949.
• The 1989 crash of Surinam Airways Flight PY764 killed a group of Surinamese players known as "The Colorful 11", whose members played professional football in the Netherlands.
• Nearly the entire Zambia national football team was killed in a 1993 crash.

[edit] References

• Air Disasters by Stanley Stewart - Arrow Books (UK) 1986/89 - ISBN 0-09-956200-6
• Manchester United — The Betrayal of a Legend by Michael Crick and David Smith - Pan Books 1990 - ISBN 0-330-31440-8
• Airspeed's elegant Ambassador - Part 3 by Don Middleton - Aeroplane Monthly - April 1982 issue

[edit] Notes

[edit] External links

• http://www.united-front.org
• http://www.munich58.co.uk
• http://www.thebusbybabes.com
• http://manutd.soccer24-7.com/custom/1.html

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