ܠܫܢܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ

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ܠܫܢܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܐܘ ܐܪܡܝܬ (ܐܪܡܝܐ܄ ארמית) ܗܘ ܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܥܡ ܬܫܥܝܬܐ ܕ3000 ܫܢ̈ܝܐ܂ ܗܘܐ ܠܫܢܐ ܕܡܠܟܘ̈ܬܐ ܘܬܘܕ̈ܝܬܐ܂ ܥܡ ܠܫܢܐ ܥܒܪܝܐ܄ ܗܘܐ ܠܫܢܐ ܕܣܦܪ̈ܐ ܕܕܢܝܐܝܠ ܘܥܙܪܐ ܘܗܘ ܠܫܢܐ ܚܕܢܝܐ ܕܬܠܡܘܕ܂ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܗܘܐ ܠܫܢܐ ܕܝܫܘܥ܂ ܐܕܝܘܡ܄ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܗܘ ܠܫܢܐ ܕܟܠܕ̈ܝܐ܄ ܐܬܘܪ̈ܝܐ܄ ܡܪ̈ܘܢܝܐ܄ ܘܣܘܪ̈ܝܝܐ܀

ܐܪܡܝܐ ܗܘ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܐܦܪܘ-ܐܣܝܝܐ ܫܪܒܬܐ܂ ܓܘ ܗܕܐ ܫܪܒܬܐ ܗܘ ܓܘ ܠܫܢܐ ܫܝܡܝܐ ܫܪܒܬܐ ܙܥܘܪܬܐ܂ ܓܘ ܠܫܢܐ ܫܝܡܝܐ ܫܪܒܬܐ ܙܥܘܪܬܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܗܘ ܓܘ ܓܪܒܝܐ-ܡܥܪܒܐ ܠܫܢܐ ܫܝܡܝܐ ܥܡ ܠܫܢܐ ܟܢܥܢܝܐ (ܕܘܡܝ ܥܒܪܝܐ)܂ ܟܬܒ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܒܐܪܒܥ ܐܠܦܒܝ̈ܬ: ܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܐܪܡܝܐ܄ ܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ܄ ܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܥܒܪܝܐ܄ ܘܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܡܢܕܝܐ܀

Contents 1 ܓܐܘܓܪܦܝܐ 1.1 ܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܐܪ̈ܡܝܐ 2 ܟܬܒܐ 3 ܬܫܥܝܬܐ 4 ܡ̈ܠܐ 5 ܣܦܪ̈ܐ

[ܫܚܠܦ] ܓܐܘܓܪܦܝܐ

ܓܘ ܡܐܐ ܫܢܬܐ ܕ12 ܩܕܡ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܐܪ̈ܡܝܐ ܥܠܘܢ ܒܐܬܪ̈ܐ ܝܘܡܢܐ ܕܣܘܪܝܐ܄ ܥܝܪܐܩ܄ ܘܛܘܪܩܝܐ ܡܕܢܚܐ (ܒܝܬ ܢܗܪܝܢ ܓܪܒܝܐ)܂ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܦܪܣ ܥܠ ܡܕܢܚܐ ܕܕܩܠܬ܂ ܝܗܘܕ̈ܝܐ ܥܠܝ̈ܢ ܠܫܢܐ ܥܡܗܘܢ ܥܠ ܐܦܪܝܩܐ ܓܪܒܝܐ ܘܝܘܐܪܘܦܐ܄ ܟܪ̈ܣܛܝܢܐ ܥܠܝ̈ܢ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܥܠ ܦܪܣܐ܄ ܗܢܕܘ܄ ܘܣܝܢܐ܂ ܡܢ ܡܐܐ ܫܢܬܐ ܕ12 ܒܬܪ ܡܫܝܚܐ܄ ܠܫܢܐ ܕܐܡܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ ܗܘܐ ܠܫܢܐ ܥܪܒܝܐ܂ ܐܠܐ܄ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܗܘ ܠܫܢܐ ܬܘܕܝܬܢܬܐ ܕܝܗܘܕ̈ܝܐ܄ ܡܢܕ̈ܝܐ܄ ܘܟܪ̈ܣܛܝܢܐ܀

[ܫܚܠܦ] ܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܐܪ̈ܡܝܐ

ܐܪܡܝܐ ܠܐ ܠܗ ܚܕ ܠܫܢܐ܄ ܐܠܐ ܪܒܐ ܠܫܢ̈ܐ܂ ܬܫܥܝܬܐ ܐܪܝܟܬܐ ܕܐܪܡܝܐ܄ ܟܬܒܐ ܪܒܐ܄ ܘܟܢܫ̈ܐ ܬܘܕܝܬܢܐ ܟܠ ܫܚܠܦ ܠܫܢܐ܂ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܫܡ̈ܐ ܪܒܐ: "ܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ" ܗܘ ܫܡܐ ܕܐܪܡܝܐ ܕܟܢܫ̈ܐ ܟܪ̈ܣܛܝܢܐ ܡܕܢܚܝܐ܂ ܪܒܐ ܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܗܘ "ܡܕܢܚܝܐ" ܐܘ "ܡܥܪܒܝܐ"܄ ܦܪܣܝܢ ܩܘܪܒܐ ܥܠ ܦܪܬ܂ ܐܦ ܐܝܬ ܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܐܪ̈ܡܝܐ ܕܐܕܝܘܡ ("ܐܪܡܝܐ ܚܕܬܐ")܄ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܕܟܬܒܐ܄ ܘܐܪܡܝܐ ܡܝܬܐ ܥܠ ܚܟܝ̈ܡܐ܂ ܫܡ̈ܐ ܕܟܠ ܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܐܪ̈ܡܝܐ ܡܨܝ ܗܘܐ "ܗܫܝܐ"܄ "ܡܨܥܝܐ"܄ ܘ"ܥܬܝܩܐ" ܙܒܢ̈ܐ܄ ܥܡ "ܡܕܢܚܝܐ" ܘ"ܡܥܪܒܝܐ"܀

[ܫܚܠܦ] ܟܬܒܐ

ܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ ܬܐ ܠܗ ܡܢ ܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܦܘܢܝܩܝܐ܂ ܥܡ ܙܒܢܐ܄ ܟܬܒܐ ܕܐܪܡܝܐ ܦܫ ܠܗ "ܪܒܥܝܐ"܂ ܐܝܣܪ̈ܠܝܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ ܘܐܚܪܢܐ ܐܢܫܐ ܕܟܢܥܢ ܫܩܠܗܘܢ ܗܕܐ ܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܥܠ ܟܬܒܗܘܢ ܠܫܢܗܘܢ܂ ܡܛܠ܄ ܐܕܝܘܡ ܫܡܗ ܗܘ ܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܥܒܪܝܐ܂ ܗܢܐ ܗܘ ܟܬܒܐ ܓܘ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܩܪܝܐ ܘܐܚܪܢܐ ܟܬܒܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܕܝܗܘܕ̈ܝܐ܀

ܐܚܪܢܐ ܟܬܒܐ ܥܠ ܠܫܢܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܡܼܢ ܟܢܫ̈ܐ ܟܪ̈ܣܛܝܢܐ ܗܘ ܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ܀

ܚܕܐ ܐܚܪܢܐ ܐܠܦܒܝܬ܄ ܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܡܢܕܝܐ܄ ܡܬܚܫܚܝ̈ܢ ܡܼܢ ܡܢܕ̈ܝܐ܀

ܐܦ ܥܡ ܗܠܝܢ ܐܠܦܒܝ̈ܬ ܐܝܬ ܐܚܪܢܐ ܐܠܦܒܝ̈ܬ ܚܫܚ ܡܢ ܐܢܫܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ: ܢܒܛܝ̈ܐ ܓܘ ܦܬܪܐ ܐܘ ܬܕܡܘܪ̈ܝܐ ܓܘ ܬܕܡܘܪ܂ ܐܕܝܘܡ܄ ܠܫܢܐ ܛܘܪܝܐ ܡܨ ܟܬܒ ܒܐܠܦܒܝܬ ܠܛܝܢܝܐ܀

[ܫܚܠܦ] ܬܫܥܝܬܐ

ܐܝܬ ܬܠܬܐ ܙܒܢܐ ܒܬܫܥܝܬܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ:

• ܐܪܡܝܐ ܥܬܝܩܐ (1100 ܩܕܡ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܥܠ 200 ܒܬܪ ܡܫܝܚܐ)܄ ܥܡ:
  • ܐܪܡܝܐ ܟܬܒܝܐ ܕܬܢܟ܂
  • ܐܪܡܝܐ ܕܝܫܘܥ܂
• ܐܪܡܝܐ ܡܨܥܝܐ (200 ܥܠ 1200)܄ ܥܡ:
  • ܟܬܒܐ ܕܣܘܪܝܝܐ܂
  • ܐܪܡܝܐ ܕܬܠܡܘܕ܄ ܬܪܓܘܡ܄ ܘܡܕܪܫ܂
• ܐܪܡܝܐ ܗܫܝܐ (1200 ܥܠ ܐܕܝܘܡ)܄ ܥܡ:
  • ܠܫܢ̈ܐ ܚܕ̈ܬܐ܂

ܗܢܐ ܡܢ ܟܠܐܘܣ ܒܝܪ*܀

[ܫܚܠܦ] ܡ̈ܠܐ

ܒܡ̈ܠܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܐܪܡܝܐ ܐܝܬ:

• ܬܪܝܢ ܓܢ̈ܣܐ:
  • ܕܟܪܐ
  • ܢܩܒܬܐ
• ܬܪܝܢ ܡܢܝ̈ܢܐ:
  • ܚܕܢܝܐ
  • ܣܓܝܐܢܝܐ
• ܬܠܬܐ ܦܪ̈ܨܘܦܐ:
  • ܦܪܨܘܦܐ ܩܕܡܝܐ
  • ܦܪܨܘܦܐ ܬܪܝܢܐ
  • ܦܪܨܘܦܐ ܬܠܝܬܝܐ
• ܬܠܬܐ ܙܒܢ̈ܐ:
  • ܙܒܢܐ ܕܥܒܪ
  • ܙܒܢܐ ܕܩܐܡ
  • ܙܒܢܐ ܕܥܬܝܕ

[ܫܚܠܦ] ܣܦܪ̈ܐ

• Beyer, Klaus (1986). The Aramaic language: its distribution and subdivisions. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht. ISBN 3-525-53573-2.