Balkan

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Balkan inggih punika nami sajarah lan nami geografis kanggé nedahaken satunggiling tlatah ing Eropa Kidulwétan. Tlatah punika wiyaripun antawis 550,000 km² kanthi pedunung kinten-kinten of 55 yuta. Nami saking basa Yunani kanggé tlatah Semenanjung Balkan inggih punika Semenanjung Haemus (Χερσόνησος του Αίμου, Chersónisos tou Aímou). Tlatah punika mendhet nami saking Gunung Balkan ingkang mujur saking Bulgaria tengah dumugi tlatah Serbia wétan.

Bab lan Paragraf 1 Definisi lan wates 1.1 Semenanjung Balkan 1.2 Balkan 1.3 Kontroversi 1.4 Definisi Ingkang Umum Wayah Punika 1.5 Negari-negari Ingkang Magepokan 2 Organisasi Regional 3 Pedunung lan komposisi miturut kebangsaan lan agami 4 Referensi 5 Ugi Pirsani 6 Pranala Jawi

[sunting] Definisi lan wates

[sunting] Semenanjung Balkan

Tlatah Balkan dipun hubungaken déning toya saking tigang sisi, inggih punika : Seganten Cemeng utawi Black Sea ing sisih wétan, lan cabang saking Seganten Mediteran utawi Mediterranean Sea ing sisih kidul lan kilèn ( klebet seganten Adriatik, seganten Ionian, seganten Aegean lan seganten Marmara ).

[sunting] Balkan

Idhèntitas Balkan dipun dominasi déning posisi geografinipun; sacara historis tlatah punika minangka dalan simpang saking rupi-rupi budhaya. Dados pepanggihan antawis Basa Latin lan Basa Yunani rikala jaman Kekaisaran Romawi, dados tujuan mlebetipun bangsa Pagan Slavs, tlatah ingkang dados patemonipun agami Kristen Orthodox lan Katulik, ugi dados titik patemon antawis agami Islam lan Kristen, lan minangka tujuan tumrap pengungsi Yahudi wekdal mngsa [[Inquisition]].

Balkan sakpunika dados tlatah ingkang gadhah werni-werni lan bènten-bènten basa etnik, dados papan kanggé basa-basa Basa Slav, Basa Romawi, lan Basa Turki, ugi Basa Yunani, Basa Albania, lan sanèsipun. Miturut sajarah kathah ètnik sanès kanthi basanipun piyambak-piyambak ingkang dumunung wonten ing tlatah punika, antawisipun :ètnik Celts, Illyrians, Romawi Kuno, Avars, Vlachs, lan rupi-rupi sukubangsa saking Jerman.

[sunting] Kontroversi

Tapel wates lèr Semenanjung Balkan biasanipun arupi garis ingkang katarik saking Kali Danube, Sava lan Kali Kupa, lan satunggiling segmen ingkang ngubungaken mata air Kali Kupa kaliyan Teluk Kvarner.

Definisi sanès bab wates lèr Semenanjung Balkan sampun dipun usulaken::

• Garis Danube - Sava - Krka River - Postojnska Vrata - Vipava River - Soča)
• Garis Danube - Sava - Ljubljansko polje - Idrijca - Soča
• Garis Dniester - Timişoara - Zagreb - Triglav
• Garis Trieste - Odessa (Trieste-Odessa line) [1]
• Garis Teluk Trieste - Ljubljana - Sava - Danube ([2])

[sunting] Definisi Ingkang Umum Wayah Punika

Wonten ing sadhéngah negari Kilèn, negari-negari ingkang dipun anggep kalebet Balkan inggih punika:

• Albania
• Bosnia lan Herzegovina
• Bulgaria
• Kroasia
• Montenegro
• Yunani
• Makedonia
• Serbia
• Turki, nanging namung Turki bagéan Eropa (sacara tradisional dipun wastani Rumelia utawi Thrace wétan)

Sawetawis negari ingkang kala-kala ugi dipun lebetaken tlatah Balkan:

• Moldova
• Romania
• Slowakia

[sunting] Negari-negari Ingkang Magepokan

Negari sanès ingkang mboten klebet Balkan naging caket lan gadhah pengaruh ageng dumateng geopolitik, budhaya lan sajarah Balkan antawisipun:

• Austria (pirsani (en): Austria-Hungary, (en): Assassination in Sarajevo)
• Siprus (pirsani (en): Cyprus Dispute)
• Hungaria (pirsani (en): Austria-Hungary)
• Italia (see (en): Triest lan (en): History of the Venetian Republic)
• Rusia (pirsani (en): History of Serbia)

[sunting] Organisasi Regional

Gambar:SEECP members.png Southeast European Cooperation Process (SEECP) member states	Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe      members     observers      supporting partners
Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA)      members      former members, joined the EU	Central European Initiative (CEI) member states
Gambar:SECI members.png Southeast European Cooperative Initiative (SECI)      members      observers

Ugi pirsani Black Sea Regional organizations

[sunting] Pedunung lan komposisi miturut kebangsaan lan agami

Bangsa-bangsa ingkang dumunung wonten ing Balkan utaminipun:

• Romanians (22 yuta)
• Greeks (10.5 yuta)
• Turks (10 yuta)
• Serbs (8.5 yuta)
• Bulgarians (6.6 yuta)
• Albanians (6 yuta)
• Croats (4.5 yuta)
• Bosniacs (2 yuta)
• Slovenes (2 yuta)
• Macedonians (1.3 yuta)
• Montenegrins (0.3 yuta)
• Sanèsipun (Roma, ...)

Agami ingkang kathah dipun anut ing tlatah Balkan inggih punika (Eastern Orthodox lan Katulik) Kristen lan Islam. Eastern Orthodox minangka agami utami ing:

• Bulgaria (Bulgarian Orthodox Church)
• Greece (Church of Greece)
• Republic of Macedonia (Serbian Orthodox Church and uncanonical Macedonian Orthodox Church)
• Montenegro (Serbian Orthodox Church and uncanonical Montenegrin Orthodox Church)
• Romania (Romanian Orthodox Church)
• Serbia (Serbian Orthodox Church)

Roman Catholicism minangka agami utami ing:

• Croatia
• Slovenia

Islam minangka agami utami ing:

• Albania
• Bosnia lan Herzegovina
• Turki

[sunting] Referensi

• Banac, Ivo. Historiography of the Countries of Eastern Europe: Yugoslavia, American Historical Review, v 97 #4 (October 1992), 1084-1104.
• Banac, Ivo. The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics Cornell University Press, [1984].
• Carter, Francis W., ed. An Historical Geography of the Balkans Academic Press, 1977.
• Dvornik, Francis. The Slavs in European History and Civilization Rutgers University Press, 1962.
• Fine, John V. A., Jr. The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century [1983]; The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, [1987].
• John R. Lampe and Marvin R. Jackson; Balkan Economic History, 1550-1950: From Imperial Borderlands to Developing Nations Indiana University Press, 1982
• Jelavich, Barbara. History of the Balkans, 2 vols. Cambridge University Press, [1983].
• Jelavich, Charles, and Jelavich, Barbara, eds. The Balkans in Transition: Essays on the Development of Balkan Life and Politics since the Eighteenth Century University of California Press, 1963.
• Király, Béla K., ed. East Central European Society in the Era of Revolutions, 1775-1856. 1984
• Komlos, John, ed. Economic Development in the Habsburg Monarchy and in the Successor States: Essays 1990.
• Mazower, Mark, The Balkans: A Short History, 2000
• Traian Stoianovich; Balkan Worlds: The First and Last Europe 1994.

[sunting] Ugi Pirsani

• Balkans
• (en): History of Balkans
  • (en): Historical regions of the Balkan Peninsula
  • (en): Balkan Wars
• (en): Balkan languages
  • (en): Balkan Sprachbund
• (en): Balkanization
• (en): Orient Express
• (en): Music of Southeastern Europe
• (en): The Islamization of Bosnia and Herzegovina

[sunting] Pranala Jawi

• South-East Europe Review
• BalkanBaby travel writing, analysis and photos from the Balkans
• Balkan History by Steven W. Sowards
• SEEurope.net - news coverage on Southeastern Europe
• Southeast European Times
• The Centre for South East European Studies
• Balkans region: Oil and Gas Fact Sheet - United States Department of Energy Analysis Brief
• Balkans urged to curb trafficking - BBC
• News from Balkans

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