UNIFIL
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United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon, utawa UNIFIL, diwangun déning Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa, kanthi Resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB 425 lan 426 tanggal 19 Maret 19, 1978, kanggo mesthèkaké pemunduran pasukan Israel saka Lebanon, ndandani kedamaian lan keamanan international, lan mbantu Pamaréntah Lebanon mbenakaké kakuwasané.[1] Pasukan UNIFIL kang pisanan teka ing Libanon tanggal 23 Maret, 1978; pasukan iki dialihaké saka operasi PBB liyané kang tugas ing tlatah sakubengé (utamané saka UNEF lan UNDOF).[1]
Jroning Perang Libanon 1982, posisi PBB diserbu utamané déning pasukan de facto kang dipimpin déning Saad Haddad. Pasukan iki minangka pasukan asli Libanon kang dibantu déning Angkatan Pertahanan Israel IDF.[2] Jroning mangsa pendhudhukan, fungsi UNIFIL utamané mung nyedhiakaké bantuan kamanungsan.[2] Wiwit taun 1985, Israel ngurangi {scaled back) posisi tetepé ing Libanon, senajan prosess iki ditandai nganggo serangan-serangan kilat lan pemboman, kayadéné ing Operasi Tanggung Jawab taun 1993 lan Operasi Murka taun 1996. Ing taun 1999, Israel mundur total, kang rampung ing taun 2000 lan marakaké UNIFIL nuli bisa mujudaké tugas-tugas militeré. Pamaréntah Libanon nyatakaké yèn tlatah Shebaa farms minangka teritori Libanon,senajan PBB nganggep kuwi ing njabané wilayah Libanon. Pamaréntah Libanon nganggep yèn dhébat bab iki mènèhi (hak) kanggo sanksi hukum tumrap kelompok bersenjata anti-Israeli ing Libanon (senajan PBB sacara resmi nyatakaké yèn Israel wis mundur kabèh saka tlatah kang dikuwasani sawisé perang 1973). Dewan Keamanan PBB wis merlèng (memperpanjang) mandat UNIFIL nganti tanggal 31Agustus, 2008.[3]
Bab lan Paragraf |
[sunting] Mandat
UNIFIL ditugasi kanggo nggayuh sasaran-sasaran:
- Mesthèkaké pemunduran pasukan Israel saka Libanon kidul
- Mulihaké perdamaian lan keamanan international
- Bantu Pamaréntah Libanon kanggo mbenakaké kakuwasané
Mandat mau adhedhasar resolusi PBB:
- 31 Januari , 2006: Resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB 1655[4]
- 31 Juli, 2006: Resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB 1697[5]
- 11 Agustus, 2006: Resolusi Dewan Keamanan PBB 1701|1701]][6]
[sunting] Negara Penyumbang Pasukan
Negara-negara kasebut ing ngisor iki mèlu nyumbang pasukan aktif, utawa mènèhi rupa-rupa bantuan. Negara kanthi aksara kandel minangka bagéan saka pasukan UNIFIL kang wiwitan/asli.
| Negara | kakuwatan Pasukan (kira-kira*) | Peran |
|---|---|---|
| Belgia | 394[7][8] | sapu ranjau, kasehatan lan tim rekonstrucsi [8] |
| Brunei | 100[9][10] | |
| Bulgaria | 160[11] | |
| China | 1,000[12][13] | 200 insinyur ing Libanon ngresiki ranjau [14] |
| Denmark | 50[7][15] | 2 kapal patroli pelindhung pasukan kanggo kontingèn Jerman |
| Finlandia | 250[7][16] | rekonstruksi dalan, kreteg lan infrastruktur liyané [17] |
| Perancis | 2,000[18][19] | pasukan dharat klebu 13 tank Perancis Leclerc;[20] kanggo nglindhungi pasukan dharat UNIFIL nganti Februari 2007.[21] Tambahan, kapal Angkatan Segara Perancis kanthi 1,700 personil digelar sakubengé Libanon ing Opération Baliste, lan operasi UNIFIL. |
| Jerman | 2,400[22][23] | kapal Angkatan Segara Jerman kanggo njaga pantai Libanon lan nyegah penyelundupan senjata [22][23] |
| Ghana | 650[24] | |
| Yunani | 176-196 | Elli-class frigate, HS Kanaris, patroli nyegah penyelundupan senjata [25] |
| India | 672[26][24] | |
| Indonesia}} | 1,000[27][28] | pasukan tempur, unit zeni lan ahli logistik [27] |
| Irlandia | 150[17][29] | perlindhungan kanggo pasukan Finlandia [17] |
| Italia | 2,500[30] | pasukan dharat; wiwit Februari 2007[31] |
| Korea Kidul | 350[32][33] | Pasukan Infantri lan tim medis. Tugas pengamanan ing tlatah Tyre.[34] Medical aid for local people. |
| Malaysia | 360[35][36] | Administratif(200) lan tim patroli reaksi cepet (160; klebu komando lan pasukan khusus); |
| Nepal | 850[37][38] | batalyon infantri [37][38] |
| Walanda | 150[39] | 1 Karel Doorman class frigate[39] |
| Norwegia | 100[39][40] | Kapal AL Norwegia kanggo ngamanké pantai Libanomn lan nyegah penyelundupan[39] |
| Polandia | 500[41][7] | |
| Portugal | 140[42] | engineering unit |
| Rusia | 400[23][43] | mbangun infrastruktur [23] |
| Slovakia | 6 | Tim medis |
| Spanyol | 1,000[18][44] | anti ranjau lan ngresiki pantai [45] |
| Swedia | 40[7][46] | 1 Korvet klas Göteborg |
| Turki | 495[47] | unit zeni mbangun kreteg kang rusak lan dalan; Fregat Turki patroli pantai Libanon[47] |
| Ukraina | 1[24] | |
| Total | 13,817 |
* Cacah kang bener durung bisa dikonfirmasi.
[sunting] Pemimpin UNIFIL
[sunting] Utusan Sekretaris Jendral PBB kanggo Libanon Kidul
| Wiwit | Nganti | Jeneng | Negara |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maret 1978 | Jean Cuq | Perancis | |
| 2000 | 15 Januari 2001 | Rolf Goran Knutsson | Swedia |
| 15 Januari 2001 | April 2005 | Staffan de Mistura | Swedia |
| April 2005 | Saiki | Geir Pedersen | Norwegia |
[sunting] Komandan Pasukan
| Wiwit | Nganti | Jeneng | Negara |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maret 1978 | Februari 1981 | Emmanuel A. Erskine | Ghana |
| Februari 1981 | Mei 1986 | William Callaghan | Irlandia |
| Juni 1986 | Juni 1988 | Gustav Hägglund | Finlandia |
| Juli 1988 | Februari 1993 | Lars-Eric Wahlgren | Swedia |
| Februari 1993 | Februari 1995 | Trond Furuhovde | Norwegia |
| April 1995 | 1 Oktober 1997 | Stanislaw Franciszek Wozniak | Polandia |
| Februari 1997 | September 1999 | Jioje Konousi Koronte | Fiji |
| 30 September 1999 | 1 Desember 1999 | James Sreenan | Irlandia |
| 16 November 1999 | 15 Mei 2001 | Seth Kofi Obeng | Ghana |
| 15 Mei | 17 Agustus 2001 | Ganesan Athmanathan | India |
| 17 Agustus 2001 | 17 Februari 2004 | Lalit Mohan Tewari | India |
| 17 Februari 2004 | 2 Februari 2007 | Alain Pellegrini | Perancis |
| 2 Februari 2007 | Saiki | Claudio Graziano | Italia |
[sunting] Komandan Gugus Tugas Maritim
| Wiwit | Nganti | Jeneng | Negara |
|---|---|---|---|
| September 2006 | 16 Oktober 2006 | Giuseppe De Giorgi | Italia |
| 16 Oktober 2006 | Maret 2007 | Andreas Krause | Jerman |
| Maret 2007 | September 2007 | Karl-Wilhelm Bollow | Jerman |
| September 2007 | Saiki | Christian Luther | Jerman |
[sunting] Cathetan
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Extracts relating to Article 98 of the Charter of the United Nations: Supplement No 5 (1970 - 1978). (PDF) Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs. United Nations. URL diakses pada 2006-08-06
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 Extracts relating to Article 98 of the Charter of the United Nations: Supplement No 6 (1979 - 1984). (PDF) Repertory of Practice of United Nations Organs. United Nations. URL diakses pada 2006-08-06
- ↑ http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=23593&Cr=lebanon&Cr1=
- ↑ United Nations Security Council extends UN force in Lebanon until 31 July, unanimously adopting Resolution 1655 (2006) Retrieved on 2006-08-12
- ↑ United Nations Security Council extends United Nations force in Lebanon, unanimously adopting Resolution 1697 (2006) Retrieved on 2006-08-12
- ↑ United Nations Security Council calls for end to hostilities between Hizbollah, Israel, unanimously adopting Resolution 1701 (2006) Retrieved on 2006-08-12
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 7,3 7,4 Asian Tribune U.N. Force Looks More European, Less Multinational Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 Komunikasi Expatica Loro jendral Belgia tugas ing Libanon [1] Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ Brudirect.com News Brunei Troops To Join Malaysia In Lebanon Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ Daily Express Accord on Trans-Borneo Highway Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ Naharnet Bulgaria Approves Sending 160-Crew Frigate to Lebanon Accessed September 30, 2006
- ↑ MonstersandCritics.com Lebanon latest hotspot as China deploys peacekeepers Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ Haaretz China to send as many as 1,000 peackeeping troops to Lebanon Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ Kesalahan pengutipan Tag
<ref>tak valid; tak ditemukan teks dengan ref dengan namaH - ↑ Danish Navy 2 missilfartøjer men ingen korvet til Libanon Accessed October 2, 2006
- ↑ Helsingin Sanomat President approves Lebanon force Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ 17,0 17,1 17,2 Herald Tribune Ireland to deploy 150 troops to United Nations force in Lebanon Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ Kesalahan pengutipan Tag
<ref>tak valid; tak ditemukan teks dengan ref dengan namaA - ↑ Kesalahan pengutipan Tag
<ref>tak valid; tak ditemukan teks dengan ref dengan namaB - ↑ Associated Press French Tanks Give Teeth to U.N. Force Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ Forbes France in Lebanon: the strength of hesitation Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ 22,0 22,1 MonstersandCritics.com Germany sends troops to Lebanon Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ 23,0 23,1 23,2 23,3 China Daily Germany oks Lebanon mission Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ 24,0 24,1 24,2 Raw Story Media, Inc. UN opens meeting on Lebanon troops Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ "Greece begins its peacekeeping drive in Lebanon: Frigate has orders to fire if need be", Kathimerini, 2006-09-09.
- ↑ IndianMuslims.info India to keep existing troops in UNIFIL for 'time being' Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ 27,0 27,1 Raw Story Media, Inc. Indonesian soldiers off to Lebanon in late September Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ Helsingin Sanomat Indonesian leader praises Finns for contribution to Aceh peace process Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ The Irish Times 150 Irish troops to join UN interim force in Lebanon Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ Italian Army[2] Accessed April 3, 2007
- ↑ ANSA Peacekeepers need political support Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ Jung, Sung-ki. "Peacekeeping Unit for Lebanon Created", Korea Times, Korea Times, June 21, 2007. Retrieved on August 31.
- ↑ "South Korean troops arrive in Lebanon to join UN peacekeepers", The Associated Press, Haaretz, Israel News, July 19, 2007. Retrieved on August 31.
- ↑ Korea Picks Site for Military Camp in Lebanon, Korea Times. Korea Times, April 6, 2007, Retrieved on August 31, 2007.
- ↑ Bernama.com[3]
- ↑ Malaysia's Prime Minister's Office[4]
- ↑ 37,0 37,1 Islamic Republic News Agency Nepal to send 850 troops to war torn Lebanon Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ 38,0 38,1 PeaceJournalism.com Annan Ends his Visit to Beirut after Touring War-Ravaged South Lebanon Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ 39,0 39,1 39,2 39,3 Netherlands Ministry of Defence NEDERLANDS MARINESCHIP NAAR LIBANON Accessed October 2, 2006
- ↑ Sending MTBs Accessed October 2, 2006
- ↑ Raw Story Media, Inc. Poland to boost Lebanon UNIFIL force to 500 troops Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ Naharnet Portuguese UNIFIL Troops to Head to Lebanon Next Week Accessed October 28, 2006
- ↑ Syrian Arab News Agency Russia Sends 1200 Soldiers to Lebanon Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ People's Daily Online Spanish troops hope to help speed up Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ Daily Star Western envoys discuss deployments to UNIFIL Accessed September 14, 2006
- ↑ Swedish armed forces HMS Gävle på väg søderut Accessed October 2, 2006
- ↑ 47,0 47,1 Turkish Weekly The Turkish UNIFIL Troops Set off for Lebanon Accessed November 9, 2006
[sunting] Delengen uga
- Bregman, Ahron (2002). Israel's Wars: A History Since 1947. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-28716-2
- Operation Litani
- Lebanese Civil War
- South Lebanon conflict
- 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict
- 1996 shelling of Qana
[sunting] Sumber
- GlobalSecurity.org Lebanon
[sunting] Pranala jaba
Pirsani galeri bab UNIFIL ing Wikimedia Commons.
- UNIFIL - UN official mandate
- UNIFIL Deployment as of 2006 July
- UNIFILvereniging, Dutch association for Unifil veterans
- Site with Pictures and stories of Dutch peacekeepers attached to UNIFIL in 1979
- UNIFIL Quip of the Day
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