Elementi chimici
Da Wikipedia
Un elemento chimico, dïto elemento ascì, o l'è un tipo de atomo definïo da o seu numeo atomigo, che o l'è o numeo de proton do seu nucleo. Fin a 2007 son stæti osservæ 117 elementi chimici, de i quæ 94 son naturalmente presenti in scia Tæra. I elementi co numeo atomigo ciù grande de 82 non son stabili e son soggetti a cazze e a mandâ radiaçioin.
[Modificâ] I elementi chimici pe nùmeo atomego
Metalli alcalin | Metalli alcalin tærosi | Lantanoidi | Attinidi | Metalli do blocco d |
Metalli do blocco p | Metalloidi | Non metalli | Alogeni | Gas nòbili |
Nr. | Nomme | Scimbolo | Periodo, Groppo |
Massa (Grammo/Mole) |
Densitæ (g/cm³) a 20°C |
ponto de fuxon (°C) |
ponto de boggio (°C) |
Anno da a descoverta |
Scorvitô |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Idrogeno | H | 1, 1 | 1.00794 | 0.084 g/l | -259.1 | -252.9 | 1766 | Cavendish |
2 | Elio | He | 1, 18 | 4.002602 | 0.17 g/l | -272.2 (a 2.5 MPa) | -268.9 | 1895 | Ramsay e Cleve |
3 | Littio | Li | 2, 1 | 6.941 | 0.53 | 180.5 | 1317 | 1817 | Arfwedson |
4 | Berillio | Be | 2, 2 | 9.012182 | 1.85 | 1278 | 2970 | 1797 | Vauquelin |
5 | Boro | B | 2, 13 | 10.811 | 2.46 | 2300 | 2550 | 1808 | Davy e Gay-Lussac |
6 | Carbonio | C | 2, 14 | 12.0107 | 3.51 | 3550 | 4827 | da a antighitæ | desconosciùo |
7 | Asoto | N | 2, 15 | 14.0067 | 1.17 g/l | -209.9 | -195.8 | 1772 | Rutherford |
8 | Oscigeno | O | 2, 16 | 15.9994 | 1.33 g/l | -218.4 | -182.9 | 1774 | Priestly e Scheele |
9 | Fluö | F | 2, 17 | 18.9984032 | 1.58 g/l | -219.6 | -188.1 | 1886 | Moissan |
10 | Neon | Ne | 2, 18 | 20.1797 | 0.84 g/l | -248.7 | -246.1 | 1898 | Ramsay e Travers |
11 | Sodio | Na | 3, 1 | 22.98976928 | 0.97 | 97.8 | 892 | 1807 | Davy |
12 | Magnesio | Mg | 3, 2 | 24.3050 | 1.74 | 648.8 | 1107 | 1755 | Black |
13 | Alluminio | Al | 3, 13 | 26.9815386 | 2.70 | 660.5 | 2467 | 1825 | Oersted |
14 | Siliçio | Si | 3, 14 | 28.0855 | 2.33 | 1410 | 2355 | 1824 | Berzelius |
15 | Fosforo | P | 3, 15 | 30.973762 | 1.82 | 44 (P4) | 280 (P4) | 1669 | Brand |
16 | Sorfano | S | 3, 16 | 32.065 | 2.06 | 113 | 444.7 | da a antighitæ | desconosciùo |
17 | Cloro | Cl | 3, 17 | 35.453 | 2.95 g/l | -34.6 | -101 | 1774 | Scheele |
18 | Argon | Ar | 3, 18 | 39.948 | 1.66 g/l | -189.4 | -185.9 | 1894 | Ramsay e Rayleigh |
19 | Potassio | K | 4, 1 | 39.0983 | 0.86 | 63.7 | 774 | 1807 | Davy |
20 | Cäso | Ca | 4, 2 | 40.078 | 1.54 | 839 | 1487 | 1808 | Davy |
21 | Scandio | Sc | 4, 3 | 44.955912 | 2.99 | 1539 | 2832 | 1879 | Nilson |
22 | Titanio | Ti | 4, 4 | 47.867 | 4.51 | 1660 | 3260 | 1791 | Gregor e Klaproth |
23 | Vanaddio | V | 4, 5 | 50.9415 | 6.09 | 1890 | 3380 | 1801 | del Río |
24 | Crommo | Cr | 4, 6 | 51.9961 | 7.14 | 1857 | 2482 | 1797 | Vauquelin |
25 | Manganeise | Mn | 4, 7 | 54.938045 | 7.44 | 1244 | 2097 | 1774 | Gahn |
26 | Færo | Fe | 4, 8 | 55.845 | 7.87 | 1535 | 2750 | da a antighitæ | desconosciùo |
27 | Cobalto | Co | 4, 9 | 58.933195 | 8.89 | 1495 | 2870 | 1735 | Brandt |
28 | Nichel | Ni | 4, 10 | 58.6934 | 8.91 | 1453 | 2732 | 1751 | Cronstedt |
29 | Rammo | Cu | 4, 11 | 63.546 | 8.92 | 1083.5 | 2595 | da a antighitæ | desconosciùo |
30 | Zingo | Zn | 4, 12 | 65.409 | 7.14 | 419.6 | 907 | da a antighitæ | desconosciùo |
31 | Gallio | Ga | 4, 13 | 69.723 | 5.91 | 29.8 | 2403 | 1875 | Lecoq de Boisbaudran |
32 | Germanio | Ge | 4, 14 | 72.64 | 5.32 | 937.4 | 2830 | 1886 | Winkler |
33 | Arscenigo | As | 4, 15 | 74.92160 | 5.72 | 613 | 613 (subl.) | ca. 1250 | Albertus Magnus |
34 | Selenio | Se | 4, 16 | 78.96 | 4.82 | 217 | 685 | 1817 | Berzelius |
35 | Brommo | Br | 4, 17 | 79.904 | 3.14 | -7.3 | 58.8 | 1826 | Balard |
36 | Kripton | Kr | 4, 18 | 83.798 | 3.48 g/l | -156.6 | -152.3 | 1898 | Ramsay e Travers |
37 | Rubiddio | Rb | 5, 1 | 85.4678 | 1.53 | 39 | 688 | 1861 | Bunsen e Kirchhoff |
38 | Stronsio | Sr | 5, 2 | 87.62 | 2.63 | 769 | 1384 | 1790 | Crawford |
39 | Ittrio | Y | 5, 3 | 88.90585 | 4.47 | 1523 | 3337 | 1794 | Gadolin |
40 | Sirconio | Zr | 5, 4 | 91.224 | 6.51 | 1852 | 4377 | 1789 | Klaproth |
41 | Niobio | Nb | 5, 5 | 92.906 38 | 8.58 | 2468 | 4927 | 1801 | Hatchett |
42 | Molibden | Mo | 5, 6 | 95.94 | 10.28 | 2617 | 5560 | 1778 | Scheele |
43 | Tecnesio | Tc | 5, 7 | [98.9063] | 11.49 | 2172 | 5030 | 1937 | Perrier e Segrè |
44 | Rutennio | Ru | 5, 8 | 101.07 | 12.45 | 2310 | 3900 | 1844 | Klaus |
45 | Rodio | Rh | 5, 9 | 102.90550 | 12.41 | 1966 | 3727 | 1803 | Wollaston |
46 | Palladio | Pd | 5, 10 | 106.42 | 12.02 | 1552 | 3140 | 1803 | Wollaston |
47 | Argento | Ag | 5, 11 | 107.8682 | 10.49 | 961.9 | 2212 | da a antighitæ | desconosciùo |
48 | Cadmio | Cd | 5, 12 | 112.411 | 8.64 | 321 | 765 | 1817 | Strohmeyer e Hermann |
49 | Indio | In | 5, 13 | 114.818 | 7.31 | 156.2 | 2080 | 1863 | Reich e Richter |
50 | Stagno | Sn | 5, 14 | 118.710 | 7.29 | 232 | 2270 | da a antighitæ | desconosciùo |
51 | Antimonio | Sb | 5, 15 | 121.760 | 6.69 | 630.7 | 1750 | da a antighitæ | desconosciùo |
52 | Tellurio | Te | 5, 16 | 127.60 | 6.25 | 449.6 | 990 | 1782 | von Reichenstein |
53 | Iodio | I | 5, 17 | 126.90447 | 4.94 | 113.5 | 184.4 | 1811 | Courtois |
54 | Seno | Xe | 5, 18 | 131.293 | 4.49 g/l | -111.9 | -107 | 1898 | Ramsay e Travers |
55 | Çesio | Cs | 6, 1 | 132.9054519 | 1.90 | 28.4 | 690 | 1860 | Kirchhoff e Bunsen |
56 | Bario | Ba | 6, 2 | 137.327 | 3.65 | 725 | 1640 | 1808 | Davy |
57 | Lantagno | La | 6 | 138.90547 | 6.16 | 920 | 3454 | 1839 | Mosander |
58 | Çerio | Ce | 6 | 140.116 | 6.77 | 798 | 3257 | 1803 | von Hisinger e Berzelius |
59 | Praseodimio | Pr | 6 | 140.90765 | 6.48 | 931 | 3212 | 1895 | von Welsbach |
60 | Neodimio | Nd | 6 | 144.242 | 7.00 | 1010 | 3127 | 1895 | von Welsbach |
61 | Promesio | Pm | 6 | [146.9151] | 7.22 | 1080 | 2730 | 1945 | Marinsky e Glendenin |
62 | Samario | Sm | 6 | 150.36 | 7.54 | 1072 | 1778 | 1879 | Lecoq de Boisbaudran |
63 | Europio | Eu | 6 | 151.964 | 5.25 | 822 | 1597 | 1901 | Demarçay |
64 | Gadolinio | Gd | 6 | 157.25 | 7.89 | 1311 | 3233 | 1880 | de Marignac |
65 | Terbio | Tb | 6 | 158.92535 | 8.25 | 1360 | 3041 | 1843 | Mosander |
66 | Disprosio | Dy | 6 | 162.500 | 8.56 | 1409 | 2335 | 1886 | Lecoq de Boisbaudran |
67 | Olmio | Ho | 6 | 164.93032 | 8.78 | 1470 | 2720 | 1878 | Soret |
68 | Ærbio | Er | 6 | 167.259 | 9.05 | 1522 | 2510 | 1842 | Mosander |
69 | Tulio | Tm | 6 | 168.93421 | 9.32 | 1545 | 1727 | 1879 | Cleve |
70 | Itterbio | Yb | 6 | 173.04 | 6.97 | 824 | 1193 | 1878 | de Marignac |
71 | Lutesio | Lu | 6, 3 | 174.967(1)[1] | 9.84 | 1656 | 3315 | 1907 | Urbain |
72 | Afnio | Hf | 6, 4 | 178.49 | 13.31 | 2150 | 5400 | 1923 | Coster e de Hevesy |
73 | Tantalio | Ta | 6, 5 | 180.9479 | 16.68 | 2996 | 5425 | 1802 | Ekeberg |
74 | Tungsten | W | 6, 6 | 183.84 | 19.26 | 3407 | 5927 | 1783 | Elhuyar |
75 | Renio | Re | 6, 7 | 186.207 | 21.03 | 3180 | 5627 | 1925 | Noddack, Tacke e Berg |
76 | Osmio | Os | 6, 8 | 190.23 | 22.61 | 3045 | 5027 | 1803 | Tennant |
77 | Iridio | Ir | 6, 9 | 192.217 | 22.65 | 2410 | 4130 | 1803 | Tennant |
78 | Patin | Pt | 6, 10 | 195.084 | 21.45 | 1772 | 3827 | 1557 | Scaliger |
79 | Öo | Au | 6, 11 | 196.966569 | 19.32 | 1064.4 | 2940 | da a antighitæ | desconosciùo |
80 | Mercuio | Hg | 6, 12 | 200.59 | 13.55 | -38.9 | 356.6 | da a antighitæ | desconosciùo |
81 | Tallio | Tl | 6, 13 | 204.3833 | 11.85 | 303.6 | 1457 | 1861 | Crookes |
82 | Ciongio | Pb | 6, 14 | 207.2 | 11.34 | 327.5 | 1740 | da a antighitæ | desconosciùo |
83 | Bismüo | Bi | 6, 15 | 208.98040 | 9.80 | 271.4 | 1560 | 1540 | Geoffroy |
84 | Polonnio | Po | 6, 16 | [208.9824] | 9.20 | 254 | 962 | 1898 | Marie e Pierre Curie |
85 | Astö | At | 6, 17 | [209.9871] | 302 | 337 | 1940 | Corson e MacKenzie | |
86 | Radon | Rn | 6, 18 | [222.0176] | 9.23 g/l | -71 | -61.8 | 1900 | Dorn |
87 | Fransio | Fr | 7, 1 | [223.0197] | 27 | 677 | 1939 | Perey | |
88 | Radio | Ra | 7, 2 | [226.0254] | 5.50 | 700 | 1140 | 1898 | Marie e Pierre Curie |
89 | Attinio | Ac | 7 | [227.0278] | 10.07 | 1047 | 3197 | 1899 | Debierne |
90 | Torio | Th | 7 | 232.03806 | 11.72 | 1750 | 4787 | 1829 | Berzelius |
91 | Protoattinio | Pa | 7 | 231.03588 | 15.37 | 1554 | 4030 | 1917 | Soddy, Cranston e Hahn |
92 | Urannio | U | 7 | 238.02891 | 18.97 | 1132.4 | 3818 | 1789 | Klaproth |
93 | Nettunnio | Np | 7 | [237.0482] | 20.48 | 640 | 3902 | 1940 | McMillan e Abelson |
94 | Plutonnio | Pu | 7 | [244.0642] | 19.74 | 641 | 3327 | 1940 | Seaborg |
95 | Ameriçio | Am | 7 | [243.0614] | 13.67 | 994 | 2607 | 1944 | Seaborg |
96 | Curio | Cm | 7 | [247.0703] | 13.51 | 1340 | 1944 | Seaborg | |
97 | Berchelio | Bk | 7 | [247.0703] | 13.25 | 986 | 1949 | Seaborg | |
98 | Californio | Cf | 7 | [251.0796] | 15.1 | 900 | 1950 | Seaborg | |
99 | Einsteinio | Es | 7 | [252.0829] | 860 | 1952 | Seaborg | ||
100 | Fermio | Fm | 7 | [257.0951] | 1952 | Seaborg | |||
101 | Mendelevio | Md | 7 | [258.0986] | 1955 | Seaborg | |||
102 | Nobelio | No | 7 | [259.1009] | 1958 | Seaborg | |||
103 | Laurensio | Lr | 7, 3 | [260.1053] | 1961 | Ghiorso | |||
104 | Rutherfordio | Rf | 7, 4 | [261.1087] | 1964/69 | Flerov | |||
105 | Dubnio | Db | 7, 5 | [262.1138] | 1967/70 | Flerov | |||
106 | Seabörgio | Sg | 7, 6 | [263.1182] | 1974 | Flerov | |||
107 | Bohrio | Bh | 7, 7 | [262.1229] | 1976 | Oganessian | |||
108 | Hassio | Hs | 7, 8 | [265] | 1984 | GSI (1) | |||
109 | Meitnerio | Mt | 7, 9 | [266] | 1982 | GSI | |||
110 | Darmstadtio | Ds | 7, 10 | [269] | 1994 | GSI | |||
111 | Rœntgenio | Rg | 7, 11 | [272] | 1994 | GSI | |||
112 | Ununbio | Uub | 7, 12 | [285] | 1996 | GSI | |||
113 | Ununtrio | Uut | 7, 13 | [284] | 2004 | JINR (2), LLNL (3) | |||
114 | Ununquadio | Uuq | 7, 14 | [289] | 1999 | JINR | |||
115 | Ununpentio | Uup | 7, 15 | [288] | 2004 | JINR, LLNL | |||
116 | Ununhessio | Uuh | 7, 16 | [292] | 1999 | LBNL (4) | |||
117 | Ununseptio | Uus | 7, 17 | non descoverto | |||||
118 | Ununoctio | Uuo | 7, 18 | 2006 |
Metalli alcalin | Metalli alcalin tærosi | Lantanoidi | Attinidi | Metalli do blocco d |
Metalli do blocco p | Metalloidi | Non metalli | Alogeni | Gas nòbili |
1) Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, Soçietæ pe o studio de i ion pesanti 2) Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Istitüo unïo de reçerca nucleâ 3) Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Laboratorio naçionâ Lawrence Livermore 4) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Laboratorio naçionâ Lawrence Berkeley