Shabbat

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Templat:Judaism Shabbat (Bahasa Ibrani: שבת, shabbāt, "rehat/ketidakaktifan"; Sabbath, sering disebut sebagai Shabbos menggunakan sebutan Ashkenaz), merupakan hari rehat mingguan dalam agama Yahudi, melambangkan Hari ke-Tujuh dalam Buku Kejadian, selepas penciptaan alam yang selama enam hari. Shabbat diamalkan dari waktu senja hingga kemunculan tiga bintang pada langit malam Sabtu. Shabbat diiringi dengan lilin yang bernyala. Masa penyalaan lilin berubah-ubah mengikut tempat dan minggu, bergantung pada bila matahari terbenam.

Senarai kandungan 1 Etimologi 2 Shabbat in the Hebrew Bible 3 Status as a holy day 4 Lihat juga 5 Rujukan 6 Recommended reading 7 Pautan luar

[sunting] Etimologi

Perkataan shabbat dalam Bahasa Ibrani berasal dari kata kerja shabat, dalam bahasa yang sama, yang secara harafiah beerti "berhenti", atau shev yang beerti "duduk". Meskipun shabbat hampir secara universal diterjemahkan sebagai "istirahat" atau suatu "masa istirahat", terjemahan yang lebih harafiah ialah "berhenti", dengan implikasi "berhenti daripada melakukan pekerjaan". Jadi Sabat merupakan hari untuk berhenti bekerja, dengan implikasinya beristirahat. Perkataan Bahasa Ibrani untuk melakukan "mogok", misalnya, shevita, berasal dari akar kata Bahasa Ibrani yang sama dengan shabbat, dan mengandungi implikasi yang sama, iaitu bahawa para buruh yang mogok secara aktif berhenti melakukan pekerjaan, dan bukan secara pasif "beristirahat".

Kebetulan, hal ini menjelaskan pertanyaan ahli teologi yang sering diajukan tentang mengapa Allah perlu "beristirahat" pada hari yang ketujuh dalam penciptaan, seperti yang dikisahkan dalam Kitab Kejadian. Apabila difahami bahawa Allah "berhenti" bekerja dan bukannya "beristirahat" daripada kerjanya, penggunaan ini lebih konsisten dengan pandangan Alkitab tentang Allah yang mahakuasa yang tidak membutuhakn "istirahat".

[sunting] Shabbat in the Hebrew Bible

The observance of Shabbat is mentioned many times in the Tanakh, most notably as the fourth of the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:8-11 and Deuteronomy 5:12-15). Other instances are Exodus 31:12-17 and 35:2-3, Leviticus 19:3 and 30, 23:3 and Numbers 28:9-10 (the sacrifices). It is referred to directly by the prophets Isaiah (56:4,6) and Ezekiel (ch. 20, 22, 23) and Nehemiah 9:14.

[sunting] Status as a holy day

The Tanakh and the Siddur describe Shabbat as having three purposes:

1. A commemoration of the Israelites' redemption from slavery in Ancient Egypt;
2. A commemoration of God's creations of the universe; on the seventh day God rested from (or ceased) his work;
3. A taste of the world in Messianic times.

Judaism accords Shabbat the status of a joyous holy day. In many ways, Jewish law gives Shabbat the status of being the most important holy day in the Jewish calendar:

• It is the first holy day mentioned in the Bible, and God was the first to observe it with the cessation of Creation (Genesis 2:1-3).
• Jewish liturgy treats the Sabbath as a "bride" and "queen".
• The Sefer Torah is read during the Torah reading which is part of the Saturday morning services, with a longer reading than during the week. The Torah is read over a yearly cycle of 54 parshiot, one for each Shabbat (sometimes they are doubled). On Shabbat the reading is divided into seven sections, more than on any other holy day, including Yom Kippur. Then, the Haftarah reading from the Hebrew prophets is read.
• A tradition states that the Jewish Messiah will come if every Jew properly observes two consecutive Sabbaths (Talmud, tractate Shabbat 118).
• The punishment in ancient times for desecrating Shabbat (stoning) is the most severe punishment in Jewish law.^[1]

[sunting] Lihat juga

• Cuti-cuti Yahudi
• Moed
• Baqashot
• Shabbos goy
• Sabbath dalam agama Kristian
• Sabtu

[sunting] Rujukan

1. ↑ See e.g. Numbers 15:32-36.

[sunting] Recommended reading

• The Modern Jewish Mom's Guide to Shabbat" Meredith Jacobs,HarperCollins Publishers
• The Sabbath Abraham Joshua Heschel
• The Sabbath: A Guide to Its Understandings and Observance Dayan Isadore Grunfeld, Philipp Feldheim Inc.
• A Guide to Jewish Religious Practice Isaac Klein, Ktav, 1992
• The Artscroll Siddur Ed. Nosson Scherman, Mesorah Publications
• The Encyclopaedia Judaica, entry on "Shabbat", Keter Publishing House Ltd
• Siddur Sim Shalom for Shabbat and Festivals Ed. Leonard S. Cahan, The Rabbinical Assembly and the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism
• Siddur Sim Shalom Ed. Jules Harlow, The Rabbinical Assembly and the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism
• Sabbath - Day of Eternity by Rabbi Aryeh Kaplan - online version.
• The Laws of Shabbat (A 37-part self study course) Rabbi Daniel Schloss - here

[sunting] Pautan luar

• Online Shabbat Guide
• FAQ about Shabbat shamash.org
• FAQ about Shabbat askmoses.com
• Candle Lighting Times for Shabbat World Wide
• Molad - Freeware Jewish Calendar with Shabbat candle lighting times for Mobiles.
• Information on Shabbat from the Union of Orthodox Congregations
• a more detailed summary of the laws of Shabbat from Torah.org, based on the Shulchan Aruch
• The Laws of Shabbat A 37-part self study course) by Rabbi Daniel Schloss
• Honoring Shabbat

Templat:Jewish holidays