National Grid, Malaysia
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National Grid, Malaysia (Malay:Grid Nasional) is the primary electricity transmission network linking the electricity generation, transmission, distribution and consumption in Malaysia. It is operated and owned by Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB). More than 420 substations in Peninsular Malaysia are linked together by the extensive network of transmission lines operating at 132, 275 and 500 kilovolts (kV). Power generated by Tenaga Nasional and independent power producers is carried by the National Grid towards customers connected to the various distribution networks. A small number of customers, mainly steel mills also take power directly from the transmission grid.
The National Grid is electrically interconnected to the transmission network of the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) and also to Singapore Power.
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[edit] History
It was founded on 1959. The first line on the national grid was the transmission line from Tanjung Kling in Melaka to the city of Melaka.
[edit] Power producers
The power generation capacity connected to the National Grid is 18,391 MW, with a reported surplus capacity of 40% made up of older power stations on standby status, as of December 2006.
The generation capacity is about 82% from thermal power stations and 18% from hydroelectric power stations. Fuel mix is 46% gas, 43% coal, 10% hydro and 1% from multi fuel distillates.
Listed below are the power producers connected to the Malaysian National Grid on Malaya and their installed generation capacity:
- Tenaga Nasional - with 11,296 MW installed capacity.
- Malakoff - with 4,393 MW installed capacity.
- Powertek - with 1,490 MW installed caapcity.
- YTL Power - with 1,212 MW installed capacity
There are two power producers on Borneo with state Grids that will be connected to the National Grid in the future, possibly after 2012:
- Sarawak Electricity Supply Corporation- with 750 MW installed capacity [1].
- Sabah Electricity- with 785 MW installed capacity.[2]
- including from 5 independent power producers (318 MW).
[edit] Main power stations
Listed below are several selected major power stations:
[edit] Hydroelectric power stations
- Sultan Mahmud Power Station, Tasik Kenyir, Terengganu
- Sultan Ismail Petra Power Station, Pergau, Kelantan
- Temenggor Power Station, Temenggor Dam, Perak
- Kenering Power Station - Kenering Dam, Perak
- Chenderoh Power Station - Tasik Chenderoh, Perak
- Sultan Idris Power Station, Lata Iskandar, Perak
[edit] Coal power stations
- Lumut Power Station, at Pantai Remis, Perak
- Manjung Power Station, Manjung, Perak
- Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah Power Station, Kapar, Selangor
[edit] Oil power stations
[edit] Gas turbine power stations
[edit] Miscellaneous
- Sultan Ismail Power Station, Paka, Terengganu - Oil and gas turbine power station
- Connaught Bridge Power Station, Klang, Selangor - Steam turbine power station
[edit] Transmission
Length of grid: x,xxx km. The transmission line is mostly HVAC, with a short portion HVDC to Thailand. The future link from the Bakun Dam to Malaya will be constructed as HVDC, possibly for completion after 2012.
[edit] Transmission lines by voltage
[edit] HVAC 132 kV
[edit] HVAC 275 kV
[edit] HVAC 500 kV
The 500kV transmission system is the single largest transmission system to be ever developed in Malaysia. Transmission Technology Sdn Bhd (TTSB) is the first ever local contractor to be awarded a project of this magnitude. Valued at RM1.6 billion, the system forms the new backbone of the National Grid.
Begun in 1995, Phase 1 involved the design and construction of the 500kV overhead transmission lines from Gurun, Kedah in the North along the west coast to Kapar, in the central region and from Pasir Gudang to Yong Peng in the south of Peninsular Malaysia.
As part of this development TTSB also constructed 6 substations namely Gurun East, Junjung, Bukit Tarek, Kapar, Yong Peng East and Bukit Batu substations.
The total distance covered for the 500kV transmission lines is 522km and the 275kV portion is 73km. Of the lines constructed, only the Bukit Tarek to Kapar sections had been energised at 500 kV. The remaining lines are presently energised at 275 kV.
Later, in order to cater for the additional power transmission requirements from the 2100 MW Manjung Power Station, the 500 kV system was extended from Bukit Tarek to Air Tawar and from Air Tawar to Manjung Power Station (run by TNB Janamanjung Sdn Bhd).
In 2006, the 500 kV lines between Bukit Batu and Tanjung Bin were commissioned to carry the power generated by the 2100 MW Tanjung Bin Power Station.
[edit] Connections to Thailand
The original 132 kV HVAC interconnection of 80 MW with EGAT was commissioned in 1981, linking Bukit Ketri in the state of Perlis with Sadao in Thailand. The second 300 kV HVDC is of 300 MW transmission capacity.
[edit] Connections to Singapore
The connection to Singapore is by two x 230 kV submarine cables of 200 MW transmission capacity.
[edit] Distribution
Distribution lines are of 33 kV, 22 kV, 11kv, 6.6 kV and 415/240 volt in the Malaysia distribution network.
[edit] Consumption
This is a stump for listing major consumers, defined as consumers with major substations of 132 kV on their property.
[edit] Safety
[edit] Major obstacles on National Grid lines
- high flyover bridge
- roads and highways
- railway line
- rivers
- straits
- way
[edit] Map of National Grid, Malaysia
[edit] Notable events
- 2005 - A power blackout on northern peninsula Malaysia causes of the main cable transmission line grid near Serendah, Selangor, had broken down.
