Nearest neighbor interpolation
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Nearest neighbor interpolation is a simple method of multivariate interpolation in 1 or more dimensions. Interpolation is the problem of approximating the value for a non-given point in some space, when given some values of points around that point. The nearest neighbor algorithm simply selects the value of the nearest point, and does not consider the values of other neighboring points at all. The algorithm is very simple to implement, and is commonly used (usually along with mipmapping) in real-time 3D rendering to select color values for a textured surface.
In 1D, nearest neighbor interpolation will produce a piecewise constant interpolant.
Nearest neighbor interpolation is also known as point sampling in some contexts.